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6% [8.7 to 25.0%]) was less than both Vetriplast (20.7% [8.8 to 36.4%]) and Makler® (24.1% [13.6 to 48.6%]) and Kova chambers (35.5% [15.9 to 123.0%]).

The improved Neubauer haemocytometer has been shown to be superior in accuracy and precision to the Makler®, Kova and Vetriplast chambers in their estimation of concentrations up to 20 × 10

/ml. Users of Makler® chambers, specifically designed for counting spermatozoa, should take care to monitor the performance of their own chambers, whereas Kova and Vetriplast chambers (designed for microscopic urinalysis) should not be used.

The improved Neubauer haemocytometer has been shown to be superior in accuracy and precision to the Makler®, Kova and Vetriplast chambers in their estimation of concentrations up to 20 × 106/ml. Users of Makler® chambers, specifically designed for counting spermatozoa, should take care to monitor the performance of their own chambers, whereas Kova and Vetriplast chambers (designed for microscopic urinalysis) should not be used.

Can a deep machine learning artificial intelligence algorithm predict ploidy and implantation in a known data set of static blastocyst images, and how does its performance compare against chance and experienced embryologists?

A database of blastocyst images with known outcome was applied with an algorithm dubbed ERICA (Embryo Ranking Intelligent Classification Algorithm). It was evaluated against its ability to predict euploidy, compare ploidy prediction against randomly assigned prognosis labels and against senior embryologists, and if it could rank an euploid embryo highly.

A total of 1231 embryo images were classed as good prognosis if euploid and implanted or poor prognosis if aneuploid and failed to implant. An accuracy of 0.70 was obtained with ERICA, with positive predictive value of 0.79 for predicting euploidy. ERICA had greater normalized discontinued cumulative gain (ranking metric) than random selection (P = 0.0007), and both embryologists (P = 0.0014 and 0.0242, respectively). ERICA ranked t annotating and does not require time lapse or invasive biopsy. Future work should be directed to evaluate reproducibility in different data sets.

Is there an association between diet and poor ovarian response to ovarian stimulation in women with normal biomarkers of ovarian reserve?

Women eligible for IVF at an Academic Fertility Center were invited to participate in this prospective cross-sectional study. The main inclusion criteria were age 18-39 years, body mass index 18-25kg/m

, preserved ovarian reserve (antral follicle count 10-22 or anti-Müllerian hormone concentration 2-5ng/ml) and a starting dose of gonadotrophins of 150-225IU/day. Information on diet was obtained using a validated food frequency questionnaire. 'Unexpected poor ovarian response' was defined as the retrieval of three or fewer suitable oocytes. A logistic regression model was used to adjust for confounders.

Out of the 303 women enrolled in the study, 48 (16%) showed an unexpected poor ovarian response. The frequency of poor responders increased with increasing glycaemic load, carbohydrate intake and fibre intake. When comparing the third with the first tertile (reference), the adjusted odds ratios for these were 3.91 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.11-13.83, P = 0.04), 4.78 (95% CI 1.23-18.51, P = 0.02) and 6.03 (95% CI 1.18-30.77, P = 0.07), respectively.

Elevated dietary glycaemic load as well as carbohydrate intake and fibre intake is significantly associated with unexpected poor ovarian response. Future interventional studies should clarify whether dietary modification might restore normal response.

Elevated dietary glycaemic load as well as carbohydrate intake and fibre intake is significantly associated with unexpected poor ovarian response. Future interventional studies should clarify whether dietary modification might restore normal response.

The occurrence rate of posttrauma epilepsy ranges widely from 1% to 30%. Little is known about the underlying epileptogenesis of traumatic brain injury (TBI)-related epilepsy (TRE), because no comparison between TRE and TBI without epilepsy has been performed in terms of neuropathology. Therefore, we postulated that different neuropathological factors may be present between TRE and TBI without epilepsy. The purpose of this study was to clarify differences between TRE and TBI without epilepsy.

We studied patients who experienced severe head trauma and underwent brain surgery. The age range of the patients was 9-71 years old. Patients with medically resistant epilepsy were included in the Epilepsy group, and patients without epilepsy were included in the nonepilepsy group. Pathological findings, age, sex, and cause of head trauma were statistically compared between these two groups.

This study involved 10 patients, nine of whom met the inclusion criteria. Pathological findings for all patients in the Epilepsy group included focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) (p = 0.012).

The difference between TRE and TBI without epilepsy was underlying FCD in patients with TRE.

The difference between TRE and TBI without epilepsy was underlying FCD in patients with TRE.

Antibody tests for detecting varicella-zoster virus include the fluorescent-antibody-to-membrane-antigen (FAMA) assay, immune adherence hemagglutination assay (IAHA), enzyme immunoassay (EIA), and the glycoprotein-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (gpELISA). VT104 Although FAMA and gpELISA are highly sensitive, FAMA is not available commercially. Therefore, this study was performed to compare potential high-sensitivity tests with commercially available tests.

Four antibody tests, FAMA, gpELISA, EIA, and IAHA, were performed using sera collected from 32 children aged 7 months-10 years. Using FAMA as a reference, the sensitivity and specificity of gpELISA, EIA, and IAHA were assessed. Subsequently, using gpELISA as a reference, the positive agreement rate of EIA and IAHA was assessed.

On a reference scale with FAMA set at 100%, the sensitivity and specificity of the antibody tests were as follows gpELISA, 67% and 100%; EIA, 67% and 100%; and IAHA, 47% and 100%, respectively. The positive agreement rates of EIA and IAHA relative to gpELISA were 86% and 64%, respectively.