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Facing the COVID-19 pandemic, police officers are confronted with various novel challenges, which might place additional strain on officers. This mixed-method study investigated officers' strain over a three-month-period after the lockdown.

In an online survey, 2567 police officers (77% male) from Austria, Germany, Switzerland, the Netherlands, and Spain participated at three measurement points per country in spring, 2020. Three-level growth curve models assessed changes in strain and its relation to stressor appraisal, emotion regulation, and preparedness through training. To add context to the findings, free response answers about officers' main tasks, stressors, and crisis measures were coded inductively.

On average, officers seemed to tolerate the pandemic with slight decreases in strain over time. Despite substantial variance between countries, 66% of the variance occurred between individuals. Sex, work experience, stressor appraisal, emotion regulation, and preparedness significantly predicted strain. Risk of infection and deficient communication emerged as main stressors. Officers' reports allowed to derive implications for governmental, organizational, and individual coping strategies during pandemics.

Preparing for a pandemic requires three primary paths 1) enacting unambiguous laws and increasing public compliance through media communication, 2) being logistically prepared, and 3) improving stress regulation skills in police training.

Preparing for a pandemic requires three primary paths 1) enacting unambiguous laws and increasing public compliance through media communication, 2) being logistically prepared, and 3) improving stress regulation skills in police training.Methodology is presented for the synthesis of 6α/β-3-dehydroxynaltrexamines and 6α/β-N-methyl-3-dehydroxynaltrexamines. A stereoselective route is provided for each target compound while a novel one-pot method for the synthesis of 6 α/β-3-N-methyl-3-dehydroxynaltrexamines is also explored. These results enable the versatile and efficient preparation of key epoxymorphinan intermediates to facilitate future selective opioid ligand discovery and development.The purpose of this article is to describe the possible futures of French museums up to 2030. To do this we rely on a Delphi study that took place between late 2017 and early 2018 with 99 experts from the field. We propose three scenarios. The first aims to create museums centered around youth and to democratize culture. The second corresponds to the reaction of museums facing a decrease in public funding. The third is a breakdown scenario, where museums undergo evolutions. In this latter scenario, a direct participation of nearby stakeholders is observed, unlike the other two scenarios.The study in the age of the 4th industrial revolution examines the time and frequency domain connectedness and spill-over among Fintech, green bonds, and cryptocurrencies. Using daily data from November 2018 to June 2020, we use both DY (Diebold & Yilmaz, 2012) and BK (Baruník et al., 2017) to examine the volatility connectedness of returns series. selleck chemicals The results of DY suggest that, first, the total connectedness of 21st century technology assets and traditional common stocks is very high, and hence in the turbulent economy, there is a high probability of contemporaneous losses. Second, Bitcoin, MSCIW, MSCI US, and KFTX are net contributors of volatility shocks whereas US dollar, oil, gold, VIX, green bond and green bond select are net receivers. Therefore, Fintech and common equities are not good hedging instruments in the same portfolio. Third, the short-term witnesses higher volatility transmission than the long-term. That is, holding assets for a long-term is likely to mitigate risks whereas trading financial assets in the short-term can increase risk because of higher volatility. Fourth, the traditional assets, gold and oil, as well as modern assets, green bonds, are useful as good hedgers compared with other assets because shock transmissions from them to Fintech, KFTX are below 0.1% and, more importantly, the total volatility spill-over of all assets in the sample is moderately average, accounting for 44.39%.The emergence of complex global problems and related concerns about 'sustainability' are central pre-occupations of discourses concerning innovation and its pursuit. The pressing need to gain fresh insights into the nature of new ideas and collaborative endeavour that can be used to drive societal transitions, is increasingly acknowledged. The objective of this paper is to contribute to these insights by examining and enriching the conceptual foundations of sustainability focused innovation policy. It's comparative metatheoretical approach enables exploration of the epistemological and political dimensions of the geography of transitions and systems literatures and the implications for the way in which they inform transformational change. The potential for deeper engagement with systems theory to create more holistic representations of complex problems, and the issues which must be addressed to resolve them, is explored. Findings regarding theory development and its implications for sustainability focused policy making provide a vital contribution to the fields of economic geography and the geography of transitions as well as to transitions literature more generally. As such it augments the foundations of ongoing empirical study and discourses which address the diminishing returns associated with current growth trajectories.This research investigates the cost-result relationship of the Inbound Marketing actions used by grocery e-commerce. The analysis is based on the application of the Dorfman and Steiner (1954) model for optimal advertising budget, which is adapted by the authors to digital marketing and verified with empirical statistical analysis. Considering 29 leading companies in six countries over a time horizon of six years, an analysis of the mix of SEO and SEM techniques aimed at the attraction and conversion of Internet users to the web pages of their companies is carried out. The results confirm that e-commerce is optimizing Digital Inbound Marketing in line with the established model. Differences are identified depending on the type of format (pure player versus brick and mortar) and at the country level (UK and USA versus others).