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n who delivered, there was no definitive evidence of mother-to-child transmission via breast milk or placenta.

Young individuals with colorectal cancer (CRC) tend to be diagnosed at advanced stages and are not routinely included in screening programmes. This study describes the incidence, disease pattern and factors affecting overall survival in young-onset CRC.

A retrospective study of young-onset CRC patients diagnosed between 2010 and 2017 in a tertiary hospital was conducted.

There were 99 patients, 69.7% had left-sided while 30.3% had right-sided CRC. The mean age was 43.3 years (43.3±5.0) and 62 patients (62.6%) were male. find more The incidence of young-onset CRC has been on the rise since 2014. Out of 99 patients, 65 (65.7%) underwent elective surgery, 30 (30.3%) underwent emergency surgery and the remainder 5 (4.0%) were palliated. The most common presenting complaints for patients who underwent elective surgery were abdominal pain, per-rectal bleeding and altered bowel habits. For patients who required emergency surgery, 20 (66.6%) presented with intestinal obstruction and 10 (33.3%) had intestinal perforation. There were 42 (42.4%) stage III CRC and 20 (20.2%) stage IV CRC. The most frequent metastatic site was the liver (20/20, 100%). Five patients had signet ring cells (5.1%) in their histology while 15 (15.2%) had mucinous features. The overall 5-year survival of young-onset CRC was 82.0%. Advanced overall stage (hazard ratio (HR) 6.1, CI 1.03-3.62) and signet ring histology (HR 34.2, CI 2.24-5.23) were associated with poor prognosis.

Young-onset CRC tend to be left-sided with advanced presentations. However, their 5-year survival remains favourable as compared to the general population.

Young-onset CRC tend to be left-sided with advanced presentations. However, their 5-year survival remains favourable as compared to the general population.

Non-vitamin K oral anticoagulants (NOACs) were shown to have better outcomes than warfarin for non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). Given limited local real-world data, this study aims to evaluate the safety and efficacy of NOACs versus warfarin for NVAF in Singapore.

This single-centre retrospective cohort study included 439 patients ≥ 21 years old that were newly prescribed with oral anticoagulants (OACs) for NVAF in 2015. Follow-ups for patients upon OAC initiation lasted either for 2 years or until the occurrence of bleeding or thromboembolism event or death (whichever was earlier). Primary endpoints included major bleeding and stroke, while secondary endpoints included overall bleeding and thromboembolic events. Time-to-events was evaluated via Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. Data on time in therapeutic range (TTR) and compliance were analysed.

Patients were assigned to 4 groups warfarin (157, 35.8%), rivaroxaban (154, 35.1%), apixaban (98, 22.3%) and dabigatran (30, 6.8%). With a mean age of 7es as warfarin for NVAF.Curriculum learning methods typically rely on heuristics to estimate the difficulty of training examples or the ability of the model. In this work, we propose replacing difficulty heuristics with learned difficulty parameters. We also propose Dynamic Data selection for Curriculum Learning via Ability Estimation (DDaCLAE), a strategy that probes model ability at each training epoch to select the best training examples at that point. We show that models using learned difficulty and/or ability outperform heuristic-based curriculum learning models on the GLUE classification tasks.Hypertonic saline (HTS) is a commonly administered agent for intracranial pressure (ICP) control in traumatic brain injury (TBI). The literature on its use is mainly in moderate/severe TBI where invasive ICP monitoring is present. The role of HTS in patients with moderate TBI (mTBI) outside of the intensive care unit (ICU) setting remains unclear. The goal of this scoping review was to provide an overview of the available literature on HTS administration in patients with mTBI without ICP monitoring, assessing its impact on outcome and transitions in care. We performed a scoping systematic review of the literature of MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, BIOSIS, and the Cochrane Databases from inception to July 31, 2020. We searched for those published articles documenting the administration of HTS in patients with mTBI with recorded functional outcome or transitions in hospital care. A two-step review process was conducted in accordance with methodology outlined in the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. There were many studies with combined moderate/severe TBI populations. However, most failed to document subgroup analysis for patients with mTBI. Our search strategy identified only one study that documented the administration of HTS in mTBI in which subgroup analysis for mTBI and outcomes were provided. This retrospective cohort study assessed patients with mTBI who did/did not receive prophylactic HTS, finding that those not receiving HTS demonstrated a deterioration in Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score in the first 48 h. However, the HTS group did demonstrate a trend to longer hospital stay and pneumonia. Our scoping review identified a significant gap in knowledge surrounding the use of HTS for patients with mTBI without invasive ICP monitoring. The limited identified literature suggests prophylactic administration prevents clinical deterioration, although this is based on a single study with data available for mTBI sub-analysis. Further studies on HTS in non-monitored patients with mTBI are required.

Increased inflammation has been implicated in many psychiatric conditions across ages. We previously reported relationships between blood cytokine levels and anhedonia, the decreased capacity to experience pleasure, as well as with reward brain activation in adolescents with psychiatric symptoms. Here, we sought to extend this work in a larger cohort of adolescents with psychiatric symptoms and assess the relationships of C-Reactive Protein (CRP, inflammation biomarker) with clinical symptoms and reward-related brain activation.

Subjects were 64 psychotropic-medication-free adolescents with psychiatric symptoms (ages 15.17 ± 2.10, 44 female). All had psychiatric evaluations and dimensional assessments for anxiety, depression, anhedonia, and suicidality. Neuroimaging included the Reward Flanker fMRI Task examining brain activation during reward anticipation, attainment and positive prediction error. Both whole-brain and ROI analyses focusing on reward circuitry were performed. All analyses were controlled for BMI, age, and sex at

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