Hanssongeertsen5785

To review the effectiveness of health education interventions adapted for culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) populations with a chronic illness.

A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted. Eligible studies were identified across six databases. Data were extracted and intervention effect was summarized using standardized mean difference. If there were insufficient data for meta-analysis, a descriptive summary was included. Modifying effects of intervention format, length, intensity, provider, self-management skills taught, and behavioral change techniques (BCTs) utilized were examined.

58 studies were reviewed and data were extracted for 36 outcomes. Most interventions used multiple modes of delivery and were facilitated by bilingual health care professionals (HCPs). On average, interventions included 5.19 self-management skills and 4.82 BCTs. Interventions were effective in reducing BMI, cholesterol, triglycerides, blood glucose, HbA1C, and depression, and in increasing knowledge. Effectiveness was influenced partly by provider, with HCPs favored over lay providers or paraprofessionals in increasing knowledge; however, the opposite was noted for HbA1c.

Health education interventions are effective among CALD populations, particularly at improving objective, distal outcomes (e.g., anthropometric measures). These interventions may be equally effective in improving proximal patient-reported outcomes (PROs); however, diversity in PROs limited analyses.

Core outcome sets (COS) are needed to further investigate and compare health education intervention effectiveness on PROs.

Core outcome sets (COS) are needed to further investigate and compare health education intervention effectiveness on PROs.

Considering inconclusive data regarding the possible effects of mobile applications on anthropometric measures (e.g. body mass index (BMI), body weight, waist circumference, fat mass) and physical activity (e.g. steps or METS) in paediatric subjects, the present systematic review was conducted to clarify this issue.

Online databases including PubMed, Scopus, ISI Web of Science, Embase, and Ovid were searched, and also a hand search through Google Scholar, PsycINFO, and grey literature was done up to December 2020 to find all relevant studies.

Nine studies were included in this review (n = 978 participants). Five of the studies utilized a mobile app as an independent intervention. Using mobile applications resulted in a lower body mass index in two studies, while only one study reported a decrease in body weight. Besides, significant improvement in physical activity as evidenced by higher step count was reported by only one study.

Nevertheless, the findings from these primary studies, although slightly mixed, provide support for further research with the implementation of mobile apps as an additional approach for combating childhood obesity.

We recommend to raise attention towards and interest in the mobile app for childhood obesity prevention and treatment.

We recommend to raise attention towards and interest in the mobile app for childhood obesity prevention and treatment.Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) typically responds better when treated with multiagent chemotherapy in the pediatric and young adolescent populations. Treatment of relapsed/refractory (RR) ALL remains a challenge. Even after stem-cell transplantation and intensive chemotherapy, the prognosis of RR-ALL remains grave. The advent of chimeric antigen receptors has demonstrated promising results in RR-ALL. Chimeric antigen receptor-modified T cells (CAR-T) and engineered T cells are used to target cancer cells. In 2017, the US Food and Drug Administration approved CD19-specific CAR-T (tisagenlecleucel) therapy for RR-B-cell ALL in patients under 25 years old. In this systematic review, we discuss the efficacy and safety of CD19-specific CAR-T therapy in RR-B-cell ALL in the pediatric and young adult population. We searched the PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and clinical trials databases. A total of 448 patients received a CD19-specific CAR-T product, and 446 patients had evaluable data. The age range was 0 to 30 years. The incidence rate of complete remission was 82%. The cumulative incidence of relapse after CD19-specific CAR-T therapy is 36%. Similarly, the incidence rate of grade 3 or higher adverse events of neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, neurotoxicity, infections, and cytokine release syndrome were 38%, 23%, 18%, 29%, and 19%, respectively. Our subgroup analysis shows the incidence rate of minimal residual negative complete remission was 69% with the CD28z costimulatory domain, 81% with the 4-1BB domain, and 77% with fourth-generation CD19-specific CAR-T therapy.

The aim was to identify predictors of adequate pre-operative sizing and planning for chimney endovascular aortic repair (ChEVAR) in order to reduce the incidence of persistent type Ia endoleaks (IaELs) without influencing chimney graft (CG) patency.

Consecutive patients who underwent ChEVAR between January 2009 and December 2017at a single centre were evaluated retrospectively. Included were patients treated with one device combination (Medtronic Endurant mated with Getinge Advanta V12/iCast) and placement of single or double CG. The freedom from IaEL related re-interventions and primary CG patency was estimated by measuring aortic stent graft oversizing (OS), total neck length (TNL), and a composite parameter (L-OS TNL [mm]+OS [%]).

Seventy-three patients who underwent placement of 101 CGs (45 single, 28 double) met the inclusion criteria. The median radiological follow up was 25.5 (interquartile range [IQR] 12-48) months. Firsocostat inhibitor Freedom from IaEL related re-intervention was achieved in 94.6% with a median OSo ensure CG patency.

A significant proportion of vascular surgery patients may have undiagnosed cognitive impairment; however, its true prevalence and impact on outcomes are unknown. The aim of this review was to estimate the prevalence of cognitive impairment among individuals with clinically significant vascular surgical pathology and investigate its associations with post-operative outcomes in those undergoing vascular surgery.

MEDLINE, EMBASE, EMCare, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and Scopus were searched for relevant studies. Included studies assessed cognitive function among individuals with either symptomatic vascular surgical pathology, or disease above threshold for intervention, using a validated cognitive assessment tool. The primary outcome measure was prevalence of cognitive impairment. Secondary outcomes included incidence of post-operative delirium (POD). Two reviewers independently extracted relevant study data and assessed risk of bias (ROBINS-E or RoB 2 tool). Prevalence (%) of cognitive impairment was calculated for individual studies and presented with 95% confidence intervals (CI).