Billedecker0738

In this study, TiO2 nanocrystals were synthesized in the scaffold of cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) using in situ hydrolysis, where the morphology and size of TiO2 was controlled by CNC's functional groups and surface charge. The resulting TiO2/CNC nanocomposites showed a superior photocatalytic activity for Cr(VI) reduction under visible light (λ > 420 nm) due to the combined effects of small TiO2 size and ligand-to-metal charge transfer (LMCT) complex between CNC and TiO2. NF-κΒ activator 1 in vitro It was found that the charge-enriched CNC not only acted as a template to direct the crystal growth of TiO2, but also played essential roles on light harvesting and charge transfer thereby promoting the photoreduction of Cr(VI). The demonstrated system represents a unique pathway to develop a lower cost and efficient purification material for remediation of Cr(VI). The standard chemotherapy is facing the challenges of lack of cancer selectivity and development of drug resistance. Currently, with the application of nanotechnology, the rationally designed nanocarriers of chondroitin sulfate (CS) have been fabricated and their unique features of low toxicity, biocompatibility, and active and passive targeting made them drug delivery vehicles of the choice for cancer therapy. The hydrophilic and anionic CS could be incorporated as a building block into- or decorated on the surface of nanoformulations. Micellar nanoparticles (NPs) self-assembled from amphiphilic CS-drug conjugates and CS-polymer conjugates, polyelectrolyte complexes (PECs) and nanogels of CS have been widely implicated in cancer directed therapy. The surface modulation of organic, inorganic, lipid and metallic NPs with CS promotes the receptor-mediated internalization of NPs to the tumor cells. The potential contribution of CS and CS-proteoglycans (CSPGs) in the pathogenesis of various cancer types, and CS nanocarriers in immunotherapy, radiotherapy, sonodynamic therapy (SDT) and photodynamic therapy (PDT) of cancer are summarized in this review paper. Wound healing can lead to complex clinical problems, hence finding an efficient approach to enhance the healing process is necessary. An ideal wound dressing should treat wounds at reasonable costs, with minimal inconveniences for the patient. Chitosan is one of the most investigated biopolymers for wound healing applications due to its biocompatibility, biodegradability, non-toxicity, and antimicrobial activity. Moreover, chitosan and its derivative have attracted numerous attentions because of the accelerating wound healing, and easy processability into different forms (gels, foams, membranes, and beads). All these properties make chitosan-based materials particularly versatile and promising for wound dressings. Besides, secondary natural metabolites could potentially act like the antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory agents and accelerate the healing process. This review collected almost all studies regarding natural compounds applications in wound healing by focusing on the chitosan-based bioactive wound dressing systems. An accurate analysis of different chitosan formulations and the influence of bioactive compounds on their wound healing properties are reported. Polysaccharides from 14 batches of Polygonatum sibiricum (PS), P. cyrtonema (PC), P. kingianum (PK) and P. odoratum (PO) were compared based on high-performance gel permeation chromatography (HPGPC) saccharide mapping, monosaccharide composition, molecular weight distribution and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra. Results showed that polysaccharides from PS, PC and PK exhibited two different molecular weight fractions and that one was more than 4.1 × 105 Da (P1) and the other was 2.8-5.4 × 103 Da (P2); while the polysaccharides from PO displayed only one main peak (P2). The analysis of monosaccharide composition and HPGPC saccharide mapping proved that P1 and P2 were composed of pectins and fructans, respectively. The FTIR spectra indicated that these polysaccharides had different degrees of esterification. This study provided a systematic profiling of polysaccharides of Polygonatum spp. and was helpful in understanding the varied functions of different Polygonatum spp., based on chemical composition.Polysaccharides may form stable complexes with caseins to prevent precipitation near the isoelectric point of pH 4.6. In this study, dispersions of 1% w/v micellar caseins and propylene glycol alginate (PGA) were treated with a pH-cycle treatment from neutral to pH 11.30, to dissociate casein micelles, and then to pH 4.5 to re-associate caseins to form complexes with PGA. An increase in PGA concentration overall resulted in the reduced dispersion turbidity. The dispersion with equal masses of casein and PGA following the pH-cycle treatment had the lowest turbidity (260 NTU) and was absent of both precipitation and gelation during 30-day storage at 21 °C, contrasting with unstable and turbid (>4000 NTU) dispersions directly acidified to pH 4.5. The dispersion turbidity was determined by both the size and mass density of particles, and both covalent and non-covalent (mainly electrostatic and hydrophobic) interactions contributed to the complex formation and dispersion stability at pH 4.5. Glycoscience is an interdisciplinary field, which leads to different industrial applications derived from physicochemical and/or biological properties of carbohydrates. This study aims to evaluate how glycoscience may act as a driving force to make research innovative and sustainable in industrial and/or commercial areas. To this end, we rationalized the two main properties of carbohydrate molecules into three main value chains. The regional biomass (sugar, starch, wood) value-chain exploits the physicochemical properties of carbohydrates; the glycomics explores the biological functions of carbohydrates and the non-regional biomass (microbial, pectin, chitin) value-chain exploits the two properties. Each value-chain harbors one or more niches prone to or at an emerging stage of development, and all these niches share a techno-scientific push approach aimed at developing high value-added products with new functionalities, new bioactive glycans, and new enabling technologies that will lead to new applications and possible novel therapies and diagnostics tools.