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62±6.77mLU/ml for resistini, ghrelin and Insulin, respectively. Values for overweight women 3.64±2.63 pg/mL 90±17.35 pg/mL and 8.13±7.54 mLU/ml for resistin, ghrelin and insulin respectively.

Increased BMI, waist circumference (WC) and hormones (ghrelin and resistin) were associated with insulin resistance. Further studies are needed to accept or refute these findings.

Increased BMI, waist circumference (WC) and hormones (ghrelin and resistin) were associated with insulin resistance. Further studies are needed to accept or refute these findings.

Obesity is a risk factor for mood disorder (such as depression and anxiety). We aimed to assess application of A Body Shape Index (ABSI) and abdominal volume index (AVI), as new indices of obesity to evaluate the relationship between obesity and depression/anxiety.

This cross sectional study was conducted on 307 overweight and obese women (249 females, 58 males) 20-60 years in Iran in 2017-2018. The anthropometric measures including weight, waist circumference, hip circumference, body fat and derived values of body mass index, waist-hip ratio, AVI and ABSI were evaluated. HADS questionnaire for depression and anxiety completed.

Prevalence of depression was 36.1% in women; men 24.1%; overweight 28.1%; obese 36.5 % and central obesity 33.7%. Anxiety was apparent in 27.1% of overweight 30.3 % obese and 29.6% central obesity. People with depression and anxiety had higher WC, BF and AVI. read more ABSI had no significant correlation with depression/anxiety. The odds of depression (1.06; 95% CI, 1.02-1.12) and anxiety (1.06; 95% CI, 1.01-1.11) were elevated with increase AVI.

Our results suggested that AVI as an indirect measure of abdominal obesity along with WC and BF could be useful in predicting the relationship between obesity and depression/anxiety.

Our results suggested that AVI as an indirect measure of abdominal obesity along with WC and BF could be useful in predicting the relationship between obesity and depression/anxiety.

Over a few decades obesity has become a major global health problem. Its prevalence worldwide has more than doubled since 1980. The situation is expected to worsen in the future, especially in the developing countries that experience nutrition transition due to economic growth. It contributes to reduction in malnutrition which supports an increase in obesity prevalence.

The aim of this study was to analyse the predictors of obesity in the region of East Africa.

Meta-analysis of existing studies was used in order to find the different risk factors and their significance in obesity development. Data extracted from 16 published academic research articles described the situation in East African countries. The significance of the effect of each variable was tested by means of an asymptotic chi-square test, or Fisher's exact (factorial) test and the risk ratios were calculated.

Based on the chi-square test and the risk ratios of the aggregated data, three risk factors were found to be significant in the development of obesity - gender, type of residence and socio-economic status. In East African countries, women are significantly more likely to be obese. Living in an urban area and socioeconomic status are also positively associated with obesity. Because of insufficient data three other risk factors did not prove to be of any significance - alcohol consumption, smoking and education level.

Conclusions of this meta-analysis confirm world trends but we also found results that are not in line with them (e.g. education). This meta-analysis confirms the huge existing research gap concerning obesity predictors in the East African region.

Conclusions of this meta-analysis confirm world trends but we also found results that are not in line with them (e.g. education). This meta-analysis confirms the huge existing research gap concerning obesity predictors in the East African region.

is the most predominant pathogen involved in UTIs. Mainly, fimbrial surface appendages are implicated in adherence to urothelium besides non-fimbrial proteins.

to determine prevalence of genes encoding fimbrial and non-fimbrial proteins among Uropathogenic

(UPEC). Furthermore, distribution of these genes and biofilm formation capacity were investigated in relation to antimicrobial resistance.

Antimicrobial susceptibility of 112 UPEC isolates was performed using disc diffusion method. ESBL production was confirmed by double disc synergy test. Genes encoding fimbrial and non-fimbrial proteins were detected using PCR and biofilm formation was investigated using microtitre plate assay.

UPEC isolates exhibited high resistance against doxycyclines (88.39 %), β-lactams (7.14-86.6%), sulphamethoxazole-trimethoprim (53.75%) and fluoro-quinolones (50%). Fifty percent of tested isolates were ESBL producers. PapGII gene was statistically more prevalent among pyelonephritis isolates. SfaS, focG and picU genes were statistically associated with fluoroquinolone (FQs) sensitive isolates and Dr/afaBC gene was statistically associated with ESBL production. Moreover, non-MDR isolates produced sturdier biofilm.

PapGII adhesin variant seems to have a critical role in colonization of upper urinary tract. There is a possible link between antimicrobial resistance and virulence being capable of affecting the distribution of some genes besides its negative impact on biofilm formation.

PapGII adhesin variant seems to have a critical role in colonization of upper urinary tract. There is a possible link between antimicrobial resistance and virulence being capable of affecting the distribution of some genes besides its negative impact on biofilm formation.

Despite the significant role played by vaccines in global health, concerns over vaccine safety have increased tremendously over the years. There have been occasions where vaccines have caused rare, adverse reactions some of which have led to hospitalizations and even death. It is therefore important to establish the safety profile of routinely used vaccines in order to allay fears pertaining to their use.

This review was aimed at pooling together the safety data of selected vaccines used for routine immunization in Africa, a region of the world with paucity of vaccine safety data.

Adverse Events Following Immunization safety data was searched for rotavirus, yellow fever, measles, rubella, tuberculosis (Bacillus Calmette Guerin-BCG), pneumococcal, Haemophilus Influenza type b, polio, meningococcal and the influenza A (H1N1) vaccines in PUBMED, Google Scholar, Clinical trials.gov and Cochrane controlled register of trials databases.

A total of twenty-four serious AEFIs and twenty-three minor AEFIs were identified from the review.