Haugaardbrodersen2787

We present a complete description of frequency-swept adiabatic pulses applied to isolated spin-1/2 nuclei with a shift anisotropy in solid materials under magic-angle spinning. Our theoretical framework unifies the existing descriptions of adiabatic pulses in the high-power regime, where the radiofrequency (RF) amplitude is greater than twice the spinning frequency, and the low-power regime, where the RF power is less than the spinning frequency, and so links the short high-powered adiabatic pulse (SHAP) and single-sideband-selective adiabatic pulses (S3AP) schemes used in paramagnetic solid-state NMR. We also identify a hitherto unidentified third regime intermediate between the low- and high-power regimes, and separated from them by rotary resonance conditions. We show that the prevailing benchmark of inversion performance based on (super) adiabatic factors is only applicable in the high- and intermediate-power regimes, but fails to account both for the poor performance at rotary resonance, and the impressive inversion seen in the low-power regime. For low-power pulses, which are non-adiabatic according to this definition of (super) adiabaticity, the effective Floquet Hamiltonian in the jolting frame reveals "hidden" (super) adiabaticity. The theory is demonstrated using a combination of simulation and experiment, and is used to refine the practical recommendations for the experimentalist who wishes to use these pulses.Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have gained increasing attention due to the potential health risks that they present. Secondary sludge and biosolids are known as notable PFAS emission routes to the environment. In this study, partitioning behavior of 14 PFAS were investigated across four secondary wastewater treatment types (activated sludge, trickling filter, biological nutrient removal, and rotating biological contactor; n = 10) and three sludge stabilization methods (composting, aerobic digestion, and anaerobic digestion; n = 6). Batch experiments were conducted to evaluate how PFAS sorption to secondary sludge and biosolid was affected by various treatment methods, solid properties, and solution chemistry parameters. Insignificant differences in compound-specific partitioning coefficients (Kd) were observed among the four secondary treatment methods. However, sludge stabilization resulted in significantly different partitioning behavior among biosolid samples, in which anaerobically digested biosolids generally had significantly higher Kd values compared to aerobically digested and composted biosolids (anaerobic digestion > aerobic digestion > composting). Multiple linear regression models were developed to explain analyte-specific Kd values across the biosolid samples and identified that solid-specific property significance was as follows protein fraction > organic matter fraction > lipid fraction. Stabilization generally decreased the PFAS sorption capacity relative to the secondary sludge samples. Furthermore, PFAS Kd increased with elevated calcium concentrations and ionic strengths and decreased with increasing pH values in sludge and biosolid samples. These findings could inform the decision-making process to reduce the release of PFAS to the environment.Information on the spatiotemporal variability of respirable suspended particulate pollutant matter concentrations, especially of particles having size of 2.5 μm and climate are the important factors in relation to emerging COVID-19 cases around the world. This study aims at examining the association between COVID-19 cases, air pollution, climatic and socioeconomic factors using geospatial techniques in three provincial capital cities and the federal capital city of Pakistan. A series of relevant data was acquired from 3 out of 4 provinces of Pakistan (Punjab, Sindh, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK) including the daily numbers of COVID-19 cases, PM2.5 concentration (μgm-3), a climatic factors including temperature (°F), wind speed (m/s), humidity (%), dew point (%), and pressure (Hg) from June 1 2020, to July 31 2020. Further, the possible relationships between population density and COVID-19 cases was determined. The generalized linear model (GLM) was employed to quantify the effect of PM2.5, temperature, dew point, humidity, wind speed, and pressure range on the daily COVID-19 cases. The grey relational analysis (GRA) was also implemented to examine the changes in COVID-19 cases with PM2.5 concentrations for the provincial city Lahore. About 1,92, 819 COVID-19 cases were reported in Punjab, Sindh, KPK, and Islamabad during the study period. Results indicated a significant relationship between COVID-19 cases and PM2.5 and climatic factors at p less then 0.05 except for Lahore in case of humidity (r = 0.175). However, mixed correlations existed across Lahore, Karachi, Peshawar, and Islamabad. The R2 value indicates a moderate relationship between COVID-19 and population density. Findings of this study, although are preliminary, offers the first line of evidence for epidemiologists and may assist the local community to expedient for the growth of effective COVID-19 infection and health risk management guidelines. This remains to be seen.The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of exposure for four months, with ibuprofen and triclosan at 25 and 50 μg/L in Striped catfish Pseudoplatystoma magdaleniatum, evaluated between sexes and exposure times. Biochemical biomarkers such as lactate dehydrogenase, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, acetylcholinesterase, creatine kinase, lipid peroxidation, albumin, globulins, creatinine, and urea were evaluated. The results of this study suggest that both ibuprofen and triclosan at concentrations of 25 and 50 μg/L can cause alterations to P. magdaleniatum, interfering with the activity of certain enzymes associated with energy production, immune response, architecture, and cellular physiology. selleckchem Also, we determined the current state of contamination in fish, the concentration of ibuprofen and triclosan in P. magdaleniatum muscle samples from the different places markets located on the banks of the main rivers of Colombia was quantified by UHPLC-QqQ-MS/MS, in three climatic periods; finding triclosan levels in the dry season in some of the sampling points compatible with enzyme-level alterations in this species.