Mcintoshdonnelly6079

The aim of this study was to examine the potential ameliorative effects of caffeic acid (CA) on hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced neurodegeneration in a human SH-SY5Y cell line, as well as possible mechanisms involved.

Cell proliferation was evaluated by WST-1 assay. The apoptotic index was calculated by TUNEL Assay. Antioxidant parameters were studied by measuring reactive oxygen species (ROS), lipid peroxidation (LPO) levels, and catalase (CAT) activity. The mRNA expression levels of apoptotic and anti-apoptotic genes were studied by qRT-PCRRESULTS In this study, the pre-treatment with CA significantly suppressed H2O2-stimulated cell death and apoptosis in SH-SY5Y cell line. The mechanism by which CA pretreatment protected the cells from oxidative injury includes the decrease in ROS and LPO levels, increase in CAT activity, down-regulation of mRNA levels of Bax, cytochrome c, cas-3, cas-8, and p53, and up-regulation of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 gene.

These results reveal that CA plays a role in the protection from oxidative injury-triggered apoptosis, which makes CA a likely therapeutic compound for treatment or prevention of neurodegenerative disorders associated with oxidative injury (Fig. 5, Ref. 35).

These results reveal that CA plays a role in the protection from oxidative injury-triggered apoptosis, which makes CA a likely therapeutic compound for treatment or prevention of neurodegenerative disorders associated with oxidative injury (Fig. 5, Ref. 35).

Frailty is a common problem in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). It is considered to be associated with inflammation. Novel markers derived from hemogram, such as neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and mean platelet volume/lymphocyte ratio (MPVLR), are proposed as inflammatory markers. In present study, we aimed to compare NLR and MPVLR levels of frail patients with T2DM to non‑frail diabetic subjects.

Diabetic subjects were grouped in frail and non-frail groups according to the Edmonton Frail Scale. General characteristics and laboratory data of the frail and non-frail groups were compared.

The MPVLR of the frail (3.9 [1.4-13.2] %) group was significantly higher than that of the non-frail (3.4 [1.5-6.9] %) group (p = 0.02). MPVLR was positively and significantly correlated with Edmonton Frail Scale score (r = 0.21, p = 0.03). A MPVLR level greater than 3.41 % has 71 % sensitivity and 51 % specifity in predicting frailty.

We suggest that elevated MPVLR could be a finding that marks frailty in diabetic subjects. Inexpensive and easy‑to‑assess nature of the MPVLR may be useful in predicting frailty in type 2 diabetic population (Tab. 2, Fig. 1, Ref. 32).

We suggest that elevated MPVLR could be a finding that marks frailty in diabetic subjects. Inexpensive and easy‑to‑assess nature of the MPVLR may be useful in predicting frailty in type 2 diabetic population (Tab. 2, Fig. 1, Ref. 32).

We aimed to evaluate the effects of leptin and nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (L-NAME) on testicular damage and expression of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) types (neuronal, endothelial and inducible NOS) in streptozotocin (STZ) -induced diabetic and non-diabetic rats.

Testicular damage was evaluated histologically and expression of NOSs was evaluated immunohistochemically in testis. Plasma leptin level and blood glucose level were assessed.

Blood glucose levels increased in all diabetic groups. L-NAME reduced it, but leptin had no effect. Three types NOS expression were shown in germ cells immunohistochemically. Increased eNOS and iNOS expression and decreased nNOS expression was detected in diabetic group. Testicular damage was observed in diabetic groups. Leptin ameliorated the damage by reducing iNOS expression and L-NAME partially prevented injury by supressing excessive NO production in diabetic rats.

It can be suggested that leptin and L-NAME partially prevents testicular damage by ameliorating histopathological changes by stimulating and /or supressing three types of NOS expression in diabetic rats. Leptin exhibited its effects by reducing iNOS expression in diabetic rats. This is the first report demonstrating the relationship between leptin and nitric oxide in testicular tissue in STZ-induced diabetic rats (Fig. 3, Ref. 33).

It can be suggested that leptin and L-NAME partially prevents testicular damage by ameliorating histopathological changes by stimulating and /or supressing three types of NOS expression in diabetic rats. Leptin exhibited its effects by reducing iNOS expression in diabetic rats. This is the first report demonstrating the relationship between leptin and nitric oxide in testicular tissue in STZ-induced diabetic rats (Fig. 3, Ref. 33).

SARS-CoV-2, which started in Wuhan and later affected the whole world, is the most important disease of the world today. Many ways to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 virus are sought to prevent the spread of this virus. Azithromycin and clarithromycin are considered for the treatment of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, which has a high similarity to previous colonic diseases.

We aimed to determine whether azithromycin and clarithromycin, the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase protein inhibitor used in the treatment of COVID-19, is effective against SARS Cov-2 in silico.

The 503 analogues of azithromycin and clarithromycin were studied to target SARS-CoV-2 the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase protein inhibition. Maestro program was used to compare the inhibition activities of these analogues. A detailed comparison was made using the numerical value of many parameters obtained. ADME / T properties were then examined to determine the effects and reactions of analogues on human metabolism. In this study, the SARS-CoV2 virus is 6NUR and 6NUS, which is the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase protein. Among these proteins, the best inhibitor among the 503 analogues according to the docking score parameter was 9851445 with a great difference. This analogue was an analogue of azithromycin (Tab. 3, Fig. 6, Ref. 58).

The 503 analogues of azithromycin and clarithromycin were studied to target SARS-CoV-2 the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase protein inhibition. Maestro program was used to compare the inhibition activities of these analogues. A detailed comparison was made using the numerical value of many parameters obtained. ADME / T properties were then examined to determine the effects and reactions of analogues on human metabolism. In this study, the SARS-CoV2 virus is 6NUR and 6NUS, which is the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase protein. Among these proteins, the best inhibitor among the 503 analogues according to the docking score parameter was 9851445 with a great difference. This analogue was an analogue of azithromycin (Tab. 3, Fig. Tecovirimat mw 6, Ref. 58).