Parrottdaugherty3019

OBJECTIVE To investigate the expression of programmed death-ligands 1 and 2 (PD-L1, PD-L2), programmed death-1 (PD-1), CD8 and granzyme B (GrB), as well as its correlation with the severity of oral lichen planus (OLP). MATERIALS AND METHODS In a collaborative study, 33 cases of OLP were evaluated according to the latest criteria proposed by the American Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology (AAOMP/2016) and were submitted to immunohistochemistry. Positivity was measured semiquantitatively (PD-L1, PD-L2) and quantitatively (PD-1, CD8, GrB). The severity of OLP was assessed according to clinical subtype, symptomatology and response to corticosteroid therapy. RESULTS Most OLPs were considered to be negative for PD-L1 (66.6%), but high expression of PD-L2 (96.9%) by keratinocytes and immunoinflammatory cells was observed. PD-1+ cell density/mm2 was reduced compared to CD8+ cells. A low cytotoxic immune response (CD8GrB ratio) was also demonstrated. Interestingly, there were fewer GrB+ cells in the intraepithelial region in reticular OLP compared to erosive/bullous OLP. CONCLUSIONS PD-L1/PD-1 pathways appear to be compromised in OLP due to low PD-L1 expression in most samples. In contrast, PD-L2 overexpression associated with a possible regulation of the cytotoxic immune response suggests an immune tolerance that may contribute to the chronic profile of OLP. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. All rights reserved.The kinetics and stereochemistry of the reactions of iminium ions derived from cinnamaldehydes and MacMillan's imidazolidinones with diphenyldiazomethane and aryldiazo-methanes were investigated experimentally and with DFT calculations at the (SMD=DCM)//B3LYP-D3BJ/def2svp level of theory. The reactions of diphenyldiazomethane with iminium ions derived from MacMillan 2nd generation catalysts gave 3-aryl-2,2-diphenylcyclopropanecarbaldehydes with yields >90 % and enantiomeric ratios of ≥9010. Predominantly 21 products were obtained from the corresponding reactions with monoaryldiazo-methanes. The measured rate constants are in good agreement with the rate constants derived from the one-bond nucleophilicity parameters N and sN of diazomethanes and the one-bond electrophilicity parameters E of iminium ions as well as with quantum chemically calculated activation energies. © 2020 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.PGRL1 regulates photosystem I-cyclic electron flow which transiently activates nonphotochemical quenching at the onset of light. Here, we show that disulfide-based mechanism of PGRL1 regulated this process in vivo at the onset of low light levels. We found that PGRL1 regulation depended on active formation of key regulatory disulfide in the dark, and that PGR5 was required for this activity. The disulfide state of PGRL1 was modulated in plants by counteracting reductive and oxidative components and reached balanced state that depended on light level. We propose that the redox regulation of PGRL1 fine-tunes a timely activation of photosynthesis at the onset of low light. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.AIMS This study aimed to identify the easily obtainable parameters that predict the presence of detrusor overactivity (DO) in male patients with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), because urodynamic studies cannot be performed in all cases. METHODS A total of 605 treatment-naïve men with non-neurogenic LUTS who underwent subjective and objective evaluations were retrospectively reviewed. We divided patients into two groups (the DO and the non-DO group) according to the presence or absence of DO as determined by urodynamic data and compared the clinical parameters between the two groups to identify clinical signs associated with DO. RESULTS Of the 605 patients with a mean age of 69.8 years and a mean prostate volume of 45.4 mL, 319 (52.7%) had DO, while DO was not detected in 286 (47.3%). Men with DO were significantly older and had greater prostate volume, longer intravesical prostatic protrusion (IPP), higher international prostate symptom score, higher overactive bladder symptom score (OABSS), smaller bladder capacity, and higher bladder outlet obstruction than those without DO. In a multivariate logistic regression analysis, higher OABSS-urgency subscore and OABSS-urgency urinary incontinence (UUI) subscore and longer IPP were significant predictive signs of DO. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis identified 3 points, 1 point, and 8.0 mm as the optimal cut-off values for OABSS-urgency subscore, OABSS-UUI subscore, and IPP, respectively, for the diagnosis of DO. CONCLUSIONS Higher OABSS-urgency subscore, higher OABSS-UUI subscore, and longer IPP were found to be useful parameters to predict the presence of DO in male patients with LUTS. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.The trabecular meshwork (TM) is an ocular tissue that maintains intraocular pressure (IOP) within a physiologic range. Glaucoma patients have reduced TM cellularity and, frequently, elevated IOP. To establish a stem cell-based approach to restoring TM function and normalizing IOP, human adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) were induced to differentiate to TM cells in vitro. These ADSC-TM cells displayed a TM cell-like genotypic profile, became phagocytic, and responded to dexamethasone stimulation, characteristic of TM cells. After transplantation into naive mouse eyes, ADSCs and ADSC-TM cells integrated into the TM tissue, expressed TM cell markers, and maintained normal IOP, outflow facility, and extracellular matrix. Cell migration and affinity results indicated that the chemokine pair CXCR4/SDF1 may play an important role in ADSC-TM cell homing. Our study demonstrates the possibility of applying autologous or allogeneic ADSCs and ADSC-TM cells as a potential treatment to restore TM structure and function in glaucoma. © 2020 Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology.Combination of topical vitamin D3 analogues and corticosteroids is a valid therapeutic option for nail psoriasis.1-3 Pulsed dye laser (PDL) has also been employed with variable success.4-9 This single-center, intra-patient (left vs. right) prospective study compared calcipotriol/betamethasone dipropionate (Cal/BD) foam with PDL for nail psoriasis over 12 weeks. The study was conducted following the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by the institutional ethics committee. All subjects provided written informed consent. learn more This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.