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Lysine succinylation (Ksucc), defined as a transfer of a succinyl group to a lysine residue of a protein, is a newly identified protein post-translational modification1-3. This chemical modification is reversible, dynamic, and evolutionarily conserved 4 where it has been comprehensively studied in both bacterial and mammalian cells5-7. Numerous proteins involved in the regulation of various cellular and biological processes have been shown to be heavily succinylated5-7. Emerging clinical data provides evidence that dysregulation of Ksucc is correlated with the development of several diseases, including cardiovascular diseases and cancer7-9. Therefore, an in-depth understanding of Ksucc and its regulation is important not only for understanding its physiological function but also for developing drug therapies and targeted agents for these diseases. In this review, we highlight some of the recent advances in understanding the role of Ksucc and desuccinylation under physiological and pathological conditions. © 2019 Chongqing Medical University. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V.Fructose, an essential biomolecule and it is a major ingredient of the modern diet across the globe. Excess consumption of fructose may be a key driver of many serious diseases such as obesity, heart diseases, type 2 diabetes and cancer. Understanding the metabolism of fructose, molecular mechanisms of its toxic nature will aid in the treatment of various diseases including cancer. © 2019 Chongqing Medical University. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V.The influence of treatment with alendronate (ALN), teriparatide (TPTD) or concurrent treatment with both on the human bone matrix mineralization has not yet been fully elucidated. For this purpose we analyzed quadruple fluorochrome labelled transiliac bone biopsy samples (n = 66) from postmenopausal osteoporotic women with prior and ongoing ALN (ALN-Rx arm) or without ALN (Rx-Naïve arm) after 7 months treatment with cyclic or daily TPTD or without TPTD using quantitative backscattered electron imaging and confocal scanning laser microscopy. Additionally to the bone mineralization density distribution (BMDD) of entire cancellous and cortical compartments, we measured the mineralization kinetics, i.e. the calcium concentration between the younger (Ca_DL2) and older double labels (Ca_DL1), and in interstitial bone (Ca_int) in a subset of the biopsy cohort. We found the BMDD from the patients with prior and ongoing ALN generally shifted to higher calcium concentrations compared to those without ALN (average degree of mineralization in cancellous bone Cn.CaMean + 3.1%, p less then 0.001). selleck chemicals The typical BMDD changes expected by cyclic or daily TPTD treatment due to the increased bone turnover/formation, e.g. an increase in low mineralized bone area were not observed. Additionally, we found no influence of treatment with ALN or TPTD or combination thereof on Ca_DL2, Ca_DL1, or Ca_int. Pooling the information from all groups, Ca_DL1 was +5.9% (p less then 0.001) higher compared to Ca_DL2, corresponding to a mineralization rate of 0.18 wt% Ca per week during the early secondary mineralization process. Our data suggest that the patients in the ALN-Rx arm had more highly mineralized bone matrix than those without ALN due to their lower bone turnover. The reason for the unexpected BMDD findings in the TPTD treated remain unknown and cannot be attributed to altered mineralization kinetics as no differences in the time course of early secondary mineralization were observed between the treatment groups. © 2020 The Authors.As molecular biology advances, an increasing number of proteins are becoming detectable at very low levels in different biological tissues. In this regard, saliva holds vast promise. Unlike blood, saliva can be sampled 1) non-invasively; 2) across all ages (newborn to elderly); 3) in the field; 4) by study participants; and 5) many times per day. With respect to psychoneuroimmunology (PNI), physiological measures of stress such as cortisol have been well characterized. Alpha amylase provides another physiological index of stress; it is a measure of autonomic nervous system activation and is quantifiable in saliva. Other salivary measures, such as inflammatory biomarkers and immunoglobulin A (IgA), provide valuable information pertaining to the effects of stress on inflammation, mucosal immunity, and oral health. Importantly, due to various methodological issues and a lack of strong correlation between saliva and blood measures, investigators should proceed with caution in drawing conclusions from measures of salivary inflammation that pertain to systemic immunity or generalized health.This study aims to characterize factors related to productive activity participation among community-dwelling older adults. Cross-sectional analyses using data from the National Health and Aging Trends Study were used to calculate weighted frequencies representative of the U.S. population of older adults. Multivariate logistic regression was used to explore factors related to participation outcomes (paid work, volunteering, caregiving). We found that 21% of community-dwelling older adults in the United States reported currently working. Older adults reported working in a wide range of occupations. Driving emerged as one of the most important factors related to increased odds of productive activity participation. Age, gender, and health factors were also significantly associated with increased odds of productive activity participation. By understanding the current profile of participation in activities including employment, caregiving, and volunteering among a national sample of community-dwelling older adults, we can effectively inform intervention programs and resource allocation to support productive aging. © The Author(s) 2020.Two major challenges exist before colloidal nanocrystal solar cells can take their place in the market So far, these devices are based on Pb/Cd-containing nanocrystals, and second, the synthesis of these nanocrystals takes place in an inert atmosphere at elevated temperatures due to the use of air-sensitive chemicals. In this report, a room-temperature, ambient-air synthesis for nontoxic AgBiS2 nanocrystals is presented. As this method utilizes stable precursors, the need for the use of a protective environment is eliminated, enabling the large-scale production of AgBiS2 nanocrystals. The production cost of AgBiS2 NCs at room temperature and under ambient conditions reduces by ∼60% compared to prior reports based on hot injection, and the solar cells made of these nanocrystals yield a promising power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 5.5%, the highest reported to date for a colloidal nanocrystal material free of Pb or Cd synthesized at room temperature and under ambient conditions. Copyright © 2020 American Chemical Society.