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Stereotactic body radiotherapy has emerged as one of the preferred treatments for patients with spine metastases, with the potential for long-term control from lesion irradiation. Post-treatment vertebral compression fractures are a known complication of this therapy, contributing to worsening pain and reduced quality of life, sometimes requiring surgical intervention. This review explores the current knowledge of post-radiotherapy fractures, in terms of the rates and associated predictive factors. A search of databases including Medline, Embase and the Cochrane Library was conducted using keywords such as 'vertebral compression fracture', 'stereotactic body radiotherapy' and 'spine metastases'. The search was limited to published studies up to March 2019, reporting clinical outcomes including both the post-treatment fracture rate and statistical identification of associated risk factors. Rates of post-treatment fractures ranged from 4 to 39%. A variety of factors were found to increase the risk, including the appearance of lytic vertebral disease, degree of pre-existing compression, spinal malalignment, increased dose per fraction and a Spinal Instability Neoplastic Score >6. This knowledge can enable clinicians to counsel patients when considering management options for spine metastases, maintaining the balance between local tumour control and the risk of subsequent fracture. © 2020 The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Radiologists.Proximal lower extremity amputations such as short transfemoral, and hip disarticulation are often required in the setting of malignancy and vascular disease.1 In the military population, the rate of traumatic proximal lower extremity amputation has increased due to increased survival from blast injury.2 These proximal levels of amputation present unique challenges, especially in suspension. Currently, total contact suction suspension systems are most commonly utilized, however, these have multiple drawbacks including discomfort, risk of skin breakdown, and often require an additional support making donning and doffing more challenging. Described are two cases in which a novel suspension system was fabricated and prescribed. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.The lack of standards to identify oligomeric molecules is a challenge for the analysis of complex organic mixtures. High-resolution mass spectrometry-specifically, FT-ICR MS-offers new opportunities for analysis of oligomers with the assignment of formulae (C x H y O z ) to detected peaks. However, matching a specific structure to a given formula remains a challenge due to the inability of FT-ICR MS to distinguish between isomers.   Additional separation techniques and other analyses (e.g. NMR) coupled with comparison of results to those from pure compounds is one route for assignment of MS peaks. Unfortunately, this strategy may be impractical for complete analysis of complex, heterogeneous samples. In this study we use computational stochastic generation of lignin oligomers to generate a molecular library for supporting the assignment of potential candidate structures to compounds detected during FT-ICR MS analysis. This approach may also be feasible for other macromolecules beyond lignin. © 2020 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.INTRODUCTION Neo-adjuvant androgen deprivation therapy prior to radiotherapy (RT) causes shrinkage of the prostate gland, but the changes in volume have never been mapped over time in detail, nor have the associations between volume reduction and testosterone escape or prostate-specific antigen (PSA) kinetics been determined. METHODS Fifty consecutive patients with prostate cancer were treated with 6 months of triptorelin prior to definitive RT. The volume of the prostate gland was measured at the outset and every 6-7 weeks thereafter using MRI scans. The volumes were calculated using a planimetric method, and inter-rater reliability was checked. Factors associated with a large initial volume and greater reductions in it were assessed. RESULTS The median volume at the outset was 45 cc, and the median reductions every 6 weeks thereafter were 23, 18, 9 and 5%. The inter-rater agreement was high (r > 0.9, P  less then  0.001). There were no baseline clinical factors associated with a high initial prostate volume, but the initial volume was associated with greater volume reduction. Testosterone escape had no effect on the reduction, and changes in volume were not reflected in PSA response kinetics. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/hpk1-in-2.html CONCLUSIONS Reductions in volume continue throughout a 6-month course of neo-adjuvant therapy but are greatest during the first 6 weeks. Although individualisation of the duration or intensity of the hormone treatment warrants further investigation, the role of prostate gland volume reduction remains uncertain. More detailed studies of tumour volume might be possible if the imaging required was acceptable and accessible to patients. © 2020 Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Radiologists.Although there has been tremendous progress in exploring new configurations of zinc-ion hybrid supercapacitors (Zn-HSCs) recently, the much lower energy density, especially the much lower areal energy density compared with that of the rechargeable battery, is still the bottleneck, which is impeding their wide applications in wearable devices. Herein, the pre-intercalation of Zn2+ which gives rise to a highly stable tunnel structure of Znx MnO2 in nanowire form that are grown on flexible carbon cloth with a disruptively large mass loading of 12 mg cm-2 is reported. More interestingly, the Znx MnO2 nanowires of tunnel structure enable an ultrahigh areal energy density and power density, when they are employed as the cathode in Zn-HSCs. The achieved areal capacitance of up to 1745.8 mF cm-2 at 2 mA cm-2 , and the remarkable areal energy density of 969.9 µWh cm-2 are comparable favorably with those of Zn-ion batteries. When integrated into a quasi-solid-state device, they also endow outstanding mechanical flexibility. The truly battery-level Zn-HSCs are timely in filling up of the battery-supercapacitor gap, and promise applications in the new generation flexible and wearable devices. © 2020 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.