Spiveybarbour2369

8%), 87 (37.3%) men were oligozoospermic, 94 (40.3%) were asthenozoospermic, and 21 (9%) were teratozoospermic. The abnormalities were more common in men having primary subfertility (71.7% vs. 28.3%, P = 0.002). The abnormalities were most common in the age group 40-44 years (n = 91, 39.1%) and those who were overweight (n = 110, 47%). Conclusions A consensus for defining poor semen criteria is the need of the hour so that these males can be counseled satisfactorily. WHO criteria are a standard commonly employed, but they do not necessarily predict the fertility potential. Copyright © 2019 Journal of Human Reproductive Sciences.Background Infertility causes change according to local demographics. There is thus the need to find the causes of infertility in context to local population to aid and direct management strategies accordingly. Aims The aims were to study the causes of infertility and to calculate the proportion of the individual factors contributing to it in the population coming to a tertiary level public health facility. Setting and Design This cross-sectional, observational study was done in an infertility clinic in a medical college and government hospital. Materials and Methods The study comprised 120 couples who came for infertility evaluation and treatment. Cause of infertility in the couple was assigned on the basis of history and examination findings. The prevalence of each cause was evaluated. Statistical Analysis Results were tabulated, and the prevalence of individual factors was calculated. Intratable analysis was done using SPSS 16.0. Results Primary infertility (57.5%) was more prevalent than secondary inferti19 Journal of Human Reproductive Sciences.T-Shaped uterus is a rare uterine malformation, and has classically been associated with "in-utero" exposure of DES (diethylstilbestrol). Surprisingly, the prevalence of T shaped uterus is significant even today. Hysteroscopic metroplasty is a simple procedure which can potentially improve outcomes in sub-fertile women, but the data is not robust. There is a need for centralised database for registration of women with T shaped uterine anomalies, which will help in defining clear diagnostic criteria, surgical indication & technique, and follow up of reproductive outcomes after the procedure. Copyright © 2019 Journal of Human Reproductive Sciences.Unexplained infertility (UI) among women consists of only 10-17% of infertile females. Unexplained or idiopathic infertility is a condition, in which couples are not able to conceive without any definite causes. The presence of the decidual immune system (innate or adaptive) is essential for a successful pregnancy and fertility that is mediated by T helper (Th) 1, Th2, Th17, T follicular helper, CD8+ CD28- T, and regulatory T cells, as well as autoantibodies such as antiphospholipid antibody, antithyroid antibody, antiovarian antibody, cytokines, and chemokines. Therefore, altered proportions or levels of the mentioned compartments of the adaptive immune system may cause pregnancy failure and infertility, especially in UI. Consequently, a deep understanding of immunological compartments in females with UI may help us to define the causes of this disease with regard to immunology. This review will discuss immunological factors, including cellular, molecular components, and transcription factors that are involved in the etiology of UI. Copyright © 2019 Journal of Human Reproductive Sciences.Raman spectroscopy is a powerful non-invasive tool for detection and classification of chemical composition of materials including biological tissues. In this work, we report an in vitro Raman study on animal skin samples with a focus on high-frequency vibrations such as symmetric CH3 stretching mode at 2934 cm-1, and the symmetric CH2 vibration mode at 2854 cm-1, OH stretching modes near 3412 cm-1, and bounded OH mode near 3284 cm-1. Raman data was acquired with a customized InGaAs based Raman spectrometer that consolidates the NIR (866 nm) light and the InGaAs detector and is particularly suitable for probing high-frequency vibrations. The Raman spectra of fat, tendon, and muscle tissues are also analyzed to determine the spectroscopic identities of CH and OH groups in skin. Our results suggest that the protein is beneficial for the maintenance of skin hydration, as it has higher water capacity and greater capability to retain water than lipids. This conclusion is consistent with the additional discovery that water exists in fat mainly as unbound type, while part of water exists as bound type in muscle.[Purpose] The purposes of this case study are to (1) report the immediate effects of knee flexion range of motion following manual therapy (MT) and self-stretching/AROM following a total knee arthroplasty (TKA). (2) contribute empirical evidence to the literature through reports within this case study. [Participant and Methods] For 6 days, the authors utilized a different MT technique and 1 day of self-stretching and active range of motion for an 85-year-old male who was 3 days status post right TKA. selleckchem [Results] The greatest gains for AROM/PROM for knee flexion were achieved while performing typical arthrokinematic motion joint mobilizations, for AROM and PROM, resulting in a gain of 10 degrees and 10 degrees, respectfully. [Conclusion] We theorize that performing typical arthrokinematic motion joint mobilizations stimulates a greater response from the mechanoreceptors and therefore a greater stimulation response to the central and peripheral nervous systems. This greater stimulation may explain the greatest immediate gain in knee flexion range of motion being performed by typical arthrokinematic motion joint mobilizations. The outcomes of this study demonstrate the start of some empirical evidence while exploring the immediate effects of knee flexion range of motion following manual therapy and self-stretching/AROM following a TKA. 2019©by the Society of Physical Therapy Science. Published by IPEC Inc.[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to examine the cross-sectional area (CSA) and longitudinal sliding length (LSL) of the median nerve bilaterally in patients with ambulant chronic hemiplegia and to compare these measurements with those in healthy controls using ultrasound. [Participants and Methods] Forty patients with hemiplegia who developed a non-functional hand on the paretic side after one year or more of stroke and 25 asymptomatic controls were included. To obtain the CSA of the median nerve at the wrist in the neutral position and the LSL of the median nerve during wrist extension, the participants underwent bilateral ultrasound examination. [Results] The non-paretic side of stroke patients had the largest median nerve CSA, followed by the paretic side and then the controls; the median nerve CSA in the non-paretic side and the controls differed significantly. The CSA of the median nerve was significantly larger in the non-paretic sides of patients, evaluated at more than 5.5 years post-stroke relative to those evaluated at less than 5.