Simonsenarmstrong2447
To study the effects of nanocrystallisation technology on the intestinal absorption properties and antibacterial activity of florfenicol (FF). The florfenicol nanocrystals (FF-NC) were prepared by wet grinding and spray drying. Additionally, changes in particle size, charge, morphology, and dissolution of FF-NC in the long-term stability were monitored by laser particle sizer, TEM, SEM, paddle method, and the structure of FF-NC powder was characterised by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) test. The antibacterial activity, intestinal absorption and intestinal histocompatibility of FF-NC were investigated by the stiletto, mini broth dilution susceptibility test, in situ single-pass intestinal perfusion (SPIP) and haematoxylin-eosin (H-E) staining. After 12 months of storage, the particle size and zeta potential of FF-NC were 280.43 ± 8.21 nm and -19.64 ± 3.45 mV, and the electron microscopy results showed that FF-NC were nearly circular with no adhesion between particles. In addition, the drug loading, encapsulation efficiency, and dissolution of FF-NC did not change significantly during storage. The inhibition zone of FF-NC against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus was 21.37 ± 1.70 mm and 25.17 ± 2.47 mm, respectively. Compared with the FF, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of FF-NC are reduced, and the absorption rate constant (Ka) and efficient permeability coefficient (Peff) of FF-NC in the three intestinal segments were increased by 1.28, 0.25, and 9.10 times and 0.59, 0.17, and 6.0 times, respectively. The results of tissue sections showed that FF-NC had little damage to the small intestinal. Nanocrystallisation technology is an effective method to increase the intestinal absorption and antibacterial activity of FF.
Neurogenic bladder and bowel dysfunctions lead to physical, social, and emotional disability and affects one's quality of life. Initial treatment is conservative including several rehabilitation techniques such as pelvic floor muscle training, biofeedback, electrical stimulation, and posterior tibial nerve stimulation.
In this case report, a 45-year-old woman with neurogenic bladder and bowel dysfunction was presented.
Her urinary and fecal incontinence symptoms began twenty years before this episode of care, after an incomplete spinal cord injury secondary to spinal ependymoma and syringomyelia. She discontinued medical treatments due to side effects and ceased intermittent catheterization. A multimodal pelvic rehabilitation program was administered consisting of posterior tibial nerve stimulation, active pelvic floor muscle training accompanied by biofeedback, and electrical stimulation of pelvic floor muscles.
There were clinically important favorable differences in the scores of King's health questionnaire (reductions in symptom severity from 25 to 18 and in each of the impact of incontinence, physical and social limitations, personal relationships, sleep/energy, and severity measures from 100 to 67), pelvic floor distress inventory (decreased from 257 to 146) and female sexual function index (increased from 15.1 to 25.1) after 12weeks of a multimodal pelvic rehabilitation program. Manual muscle tests demonstrated improvements in pelvic floor muscle strength and endurance.
A 12-week multimodal pelvic rehabilitation program reduced urinary and fecal incontinence symptoms, together with improvements in her sexual life and alleviation of neuropathic pain.
A 12-week multimodal pelvic rehabilitation program reduced urinary and fecal incontinence symptoms, together with improvements in her sexual life and alleviation of neuropathic pain.The 30th UEG Week took place in Vienna at the Messe Wien Exhibition and Congress Center between 8 and 11 October 2022. It was the first face to face meeting of UEG for 3 years, the previous two UEG Weeks having been delivered in the virtual format. The participants were delighted to return to the vibrant, friendly, family atmosphere they had come to love, with the total number of attendees returning almost to pre-Covid levels. It was a triumph. There were frequent reminders that this was a significant anniversary meeting which included clinical topic based 30 year reviews and teatime treats in the social spaces, culminating in an anniversary scientific session which reviewed the outstanding progress that had be made during the last 3 decades in managing four of the most challenging diseases in gastroenterology and hepatology; hepatitis C, pancreatic cancer, gastric cancer, and inflammatory bowel disease. Following these high-quality scientific papers, I gave a brief account of UEG's history, focusing predominantly on progress made during the last 3 years which is described below. The session closed with a short musical interlude and a firework display!.Microcapsules of Lactobacillus plantarum LN66 were prepared to improve the cell viability in simulated gastrointestinal and different packaging conditions. Microcapsules containing Lactobacillus plantarum LN66 were produced by complex coacervation followed by freeze drying and characterised by water activity, moisture content, size, encapsulation efficiency, SEM, FTIR, XRD, as well as the resistance of probiotics to the simulated gastrointestinal tract and storage under different packaging conditions. The microcapsules presented the particle size of 196.57 ± 1.46 μm and the encapsulation efficiency of 75.26 ± 1.95% (w/w). After simulated gastrointestinal conditions, viability of encapsulated cells was 71.33 ± 0.99% (w/w) and 70.39 ± 0.86% (w/w), separately, while that of free cells was only 45.45 ± 0.5% (w/w) and 8.59 ± 0.67% (w/w). Compared with aluminium foil, the viable cells in glass bottles at 4 °C and 25 °C was increased 1.1-fold and 1.4-fold, respectively. Complex coacervation could be considered an appropriate alternative to increase the viability of probiotics.EDP-297 is a farnesoid X receptor agonist under development for treating nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. The pharmacokinetic (PK), pharmacodynamic (PD), food effect, and safety were evaluated in a single ascending dose (SAD) and multiple ascending dose (MAD) phase I study. Healthy subjects received single EDP-297 doses of 20-600 μg or once daily doses of 5-90 μg for 14 days. Safety, PKs, and PDs were assessed, including fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF-19) and 7-α-hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one (C4). Among 82 subjects, EDP-297 was generally well-tolerated. Pruritus was observed in four subjects in the SAD phase and seven subjects in the MAD phase; four severe cases occurred at 90 μg in the MAD phase, including one that led to drug discontinuation. A grade 2 elevation in alanine aminotransferase occurred with 90 μg. Mean lipid values remained within normal range. Plasma exposures of EDP-297 increased with SADs and MADs, with mean half-life following multiple doses of 9-12.5 h. No food effect was observed. Mean FGF-19 increased and C4 decreased up to 95% and 92%, respectively. EDP-297 was generally well-tolerated up to 60 μg MAD, with linear PKs suitable for once daily oral dosing, target engagement, and no food effect.
This systematic review aimed to identify the referral criteria for palliative care in patients with Parkinson's disease.
We conducted an electronic search for publications on referral criteria for palliative care in patients with Parkinson's disease in six electronic databases. The articles were thoroughly reviewed by two independent reviewers for inclusion using a predefined data extraction list. The referral criteria were thematically classified using a coding methodology.
This systematic review included 36 publications. We identified 14 referral criteria themes. The most common referral indicators were functional decline (
= 11 [31%]), needs assessment tools (
= 11 [31%]), physical or emotional symptoms (
= 10[28%]), need for palliative care (
= 10 [28%]), decision support (
= 9 [25%]), advanced Parkinson's disease (
= 7[19%]), and diagnosis of Parkinson's disease (
= 7 [19%]). However, there was a lack of consensus on symptom assessment tools. In addition, there were no agreed cut-offs or defined time for palliative care referral for patients with Parkinson's disease.
The 14 themes identified in this systematic review were categorized into disease- and needs-based criteria. These themes show the wide range of referral timing and procedures. Further studies should be conducted to reveal standardized referral criteria.
The 14 themes identified in this systematic review were categorized into disease- and needs-based criteria. These themes show the wide range of referral timing and procedures. Further studies should be conducted to reveal standardized referral criteria.
Beta Trace Protein (BTP) is a biomarker for residual kidney function which has been linked to cardiovascular and all-cause mortality in haemodialysis patients. Following renal transplantation, recipients remain at increased risk for cardiovascular events compared with the general population. We aimed to determine the relationship of pre-transplant BTP to major adverse cardiac events (MACE) in patients following kidney transplantation.
We included 384 patients with end-stage renal disease who received a kidney transplant. MACE was defined as myocardial infarction (ST-segment elevation or non-ST-segment elevation, stroke or transient ischemic attack), coronary artery disease requiring intervention or bypass or death for cardiovascular reason. The association between pre-transplant serum BTP concentration and post-transplant MACE was evaluated by Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analyses.
Post-transplant MACE occurred in 70/384 patients. p38 MAPK pathway Pre-transplant BTP was significantly higher in patients with post-transplant MACE (14.36 ± 5.73 mg/l vs. 11.26 ± 5.11 mg/l; p < .01). Next to smoking (HR 1.81), age > 56.38 years (HR 1.97) and pre-existing coronary heart disease (HR 8.23), BTP above the cut off value of 12.7 mg/l was confirmed as independent risk factor for MACE (HR 2.02, all p < .05). MACE-free survival inversely correlated with pre-transplant BTP levels.
Pre-transplant serum BTP concentration may identify renal transplant recipients with higher risk of post-transplant MACE.
Pre-transplant serum BTP concentration may identify renal transplant recipients with higher risk of post-transplant MACE.
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a risk factor for suicidality (suicidal ideation, and suicide attempt). This study described the prevalence of suicidality amongst a representative sample of individuals with PTSD and the association between suicidality and receipt of five PTSD treatments.
We analysed deidentified data for patients being treated for PTSD at Camden and Islington NHS Foundation Trust between 2009 and 2017 obtained via the Clinical Record Interactive Search tool. We described the sample's sociodemographic and clinical characteristics and used stepwise logistic regression to investigate the association between suicidality and receipt of four, specific PTSD treatments psychotherapy, antidepressant/antianxiety medication, antipsychotics, benzodiazepines. We used Cox proportional hazards regression to investigate the association between suicidality and hospital/crisis team admission.
Of 745 patients diagnosed with PTSD, 60% received psychotherapy and 66% received psychotropic medication.