Cochranelim1648

The extent and disease severity, duration and other associated prognostic cofactors in vitiligo in adults may vary with the age of onset (before or after 10 years of age).

To compare extent and disease severity, duration and other cofactors in adults with early-onset and late-onset vitiligo.

The medical records of 408 (MF 11.1) adults aged 20-75years diagnosed with vitiligo between January 2016 and December 2019 were examined retrospectively. The extent and severity of vitiligo were defined. Characteristics of vitiligo with early onset and late onset were compared statistically and odds ratios calculated for risk assessment.

31 (7.6%, MF 12.4) patients had early-onset vitiligo, and 377 (92.4%, MF 0.81) patients had later-onset vitiligo. Compared to late onset, patients with early-onset vitiligo had a significant number of males (71% vs 45.9%), higher percentages of body surface area involvement and moderate to extremely severe disease (29% vs 10.6%), longer duration of disease (41.9% vs 9%), Koebner'sremain major limitations.

Archeological evidence shows that first nomadic pastoralists came to the African Sahel from northeastern Sahara, where milking is reported by ~7.5 ka. A second wave of pastoralists arrived with the expansion of Arabic tribes in 7th-14th century CE. All Sahelian pastoralists depend on milk production but genetic diversity underlying their lactase persistence (LP) is poorly understood.

We investigated SNP variants associated with LP in 1,241 individuals from 29 mostly pastoralist populations in the Sahel. Then, we analyzed six SNPs in the neighboring fragment (419 kb) in the Fulani and Tuareg with the -13910*T mutation, reconstructed haplotypes, and calculated expansion age and growth rate of this variant.

Our results reveal a geographic localization of two different LP variants in the Sahel -13910*T west of Lake Chad (Fulani and Tuareg pastoralists) and -13915*G east of there (mostly Arabic-speaking pastoralists). We show that -13910*T has a more diversified haplotype background among the Fulani than among the Tuareg and that the age estimate for expansion of this variant among the Fulani (~8.5 ka) corresponds to introduction of cattle to the area.

This is the first study showing that the "Eurasian" LP allele -13910*T is widespread both in northern Europe and in the Sahel; however, it is limited to pastoralists in the Sahel. Since the Fulani haplotype with -13910*T is shared with contemporary Eurasians, its origin could be in a region encompassing the Near East and northeastern Africa in a population ancestral to both Saharan pastoralists and European farmers.

This is the first study showing that the "Eurasian" LP allele -13910*T is widespread both in northern Europe and in the Sahel; however, it is limited to pastoralists in the Sahel. Since the Fulani haplotype with -13910*T is shared with contemporary Eurasians, its origin could be in a region encompassing the Near East and northeastern Africa in a population ancestral to both Saharan pastoralists and European farmers.

Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and questioning (LGBQ) adolescents are at increased risk of poor mental health due to minority stress, a chronic stress associated discrimination, social rejection, and victimization brought on by prejudicial attitudes towards LGBQ individuals. To improve understanding of the differential impact of various kinds of victimization on mental health outcomes for LGBQ adolescents, we analyzed data from the 2015 Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS) for victimization and mental health symptom clusters and associations high school youth and compared by sexual orientation and gender.

Separate Latent Class Analysis (LCA) was conducted to identify profiles of both victimization and mental health symptoms for participants (N=15,624). Subsequently, stratified weighted logistic regression models were used on an eligible analytic sample of 11,458 to assess differences in the association of victimization and mental health between LGBQ and heterosexual high school students.

In each LCA, participants were assigned to one of 3 classes for victimization (minimal, 81.3%; bullying, 12.5%; or physical/sexual violence, 6.2%) and 1 of 2 classes for mental health symptoms (minimal, 81.2%; severe, 18.8%). CIA1 LGBQ participants were overrepresented in physical/sexual violence and bullying victimization profiles. Both bullying and physical/sexual violence profiles were associated with almost 5 times the odds of endorsing severe mental health symptoms.

This study expands our understanding of the relationship between types and effect of peer victimization for LGBQ and heterosexual youth with implications for school health and prevention efforts through increased positive school climate for LGBQ students.

This study expands our understanding of the relationship between types and effect of peer victimization for LGBQ and heterosexual youth with implications for school health and prevention efforts through increased positive school climate for LGBQ students.As a therapeutic practice of care, "watchfulness" (Garcia 2010) implies a vigilant responsibility and constant mindfulness of others; in Hawaii, this is captured in the concept of aloha. This article explains how watchful care with aloha is discussed and mobilized in community suicide prevention in Hawaii. Rates of suicidality and suicide attempts in the state are high, among young people in particular. My ethnographic research follows a network of workers and volunteers as they incorporate local understandings of aloha into suicide prevention outreach. Following a history of aloha's meanings and (mis)uses in and beyond Hawaii, I draw on ethnographic examples to reveal how care with aloha prioritizes personal connection and individuality, rather than being rhetorically detached or "anonymous" (Stevenson 2014). But as my central vignettes reveal, there are difficulties in the implementation of this kind of watchful care, which ultimately question its utility in suicide prevention.

To evaluate whether chromosomal microarray (CMA) should be offered to fetuses with ultrasonographic soft markers (USMs) in the second trimester.

A prospective cohort study and meta-analysis were conducted. In the prospective cohort study, 564 fetuses with USMs were enrolled. In the meta-analysis, eligible articles describing copy number variations in fetuses with USMs were included.

In the prospective cohort study, the diagnostic yields of CMA over non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) and karyotyping were significantly higher in fetuses with mild ventriculomegaly (MVM) than those in local control cohorts with normal ultrasound. However, the yields of CMA over NIPT and karyotyping in fetuses with other USMs were similar to controls. About ten studies, involving 405 fetuses with MVM and 1412 fetuses with other USMs, were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled diagnostic yields of CMA over NIPT and karyotyping in fetuses with MVM were 4.9% and 3.2%, respectively. In fetuses with other USMs, the yields of CMA over NIPT and karyotyping were 1.