Geislerpollock6414

Reprogramming of the mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) is the most important physiological mechanism that provides short- and long-term adaptation to hypoxia. The possibilities of additional pharmacological regulation of ETC activity are of considerable practical interest in correcting hypoxia-associated disorders. This review considers the main groups of antihypoxic compounds that exhibit their effect at the interface of ETC and the cycle of tricarboxylic acids, including succinate-containing and succinate-forming antihypoxants. The role of succinate during adaptation to hypoxia, the biological activity of the succinate, and its potentially adverse effects are currently not fully understood and require further clarification.The article summarizes the data available in the literature on the toxic effects of aluminum and lead on the human brain and assesses the relationship of these effects to the etiopathogenesis of the most common neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. The accumulation of ions of these metals in the brain structures leads to chronic intoxication that is manifested by the morphological signs that are typical for Alzheimer's disease, such as deposits of β-amyloid and τ-protein mainly in the frontal and temporal regions of the cortex, and for Parkinson's disease, such as degeneration of dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra and their accumulation of α-synuclein. The most likely forms of participation of aluminum and lead ions in the mechanisms of neurodegeneration are the replacement of bivalent metal ions necessary for brain functioning, oxidative stress initiation, epigenetic modifications of histones, and increased expression of noncoding ribonucleic acids.Mycobacteriosis is an infectious disease caused by nontuberculous mycobacteria, with granulomatous inflammation in the affected organs and tissues. The association of mycobacteriosis and lung cancer in one patient is quite rarely observed and is of interest to the medical community. A 63-year-old male patient was admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of infiltrative tuberculosis in SI-SII of both lungs in the lung cavitation phase on the right, peripheral mass in SIII on the right in order to make a decision about a surgical intervention. Morphological examination of the material obtained during upper lobectomy revealed mucinous adenocarcinoma concurrent with mycobacterium-associated inflammation with cavern formation. A bacteriological study confirmed the presence of the pathogen Mycobacterium avium. This study reports a case of association of the diseases with successful surgical intervention without complications in the early postoperative period.Birt-Hogg-Dubé syndrome is a rare autosomal dominant disease caused by a mutation in the FLCN gene and presents with a triad of multiple fibrofolliculomas, trichodiscomas, and masses that clinically resemble fibroepithelial polyps (acrochordones), accompanied by an increased risk of kidney tumors and lung cysts. this website The paper provides a literature review supplemented by clinical cases and the morphological pattern of skin lesions. It presents the clinical and morphological features of cutaneous manifestations of the syndrome and gives diagnostic criteria.Glioma metastasis outside the central nervous system is a quite rare phenomenon. The disease in a young woman manifested itself as back pain and loss of vision in the left eye. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a tumor of the optic nerve; positron emission tomography showed multiple secondary bone changes. At the same time, MRI detected no signs of neoplasm in the midline brain structures (the brain stem and subcortical nuclei) and spinal cord. Two biopsies (superior iliac spine trephine biopsy and optic nerve tumor biopsy) were performed. There were similar histological tumors; the optic nerve tumor was found to have K27M mutation in the H3F3A gene, whereas the metastatic tumor lacked this mutation (possibly due to the quality and quantity of DNA isolated from the tumor cells). The interesting features of this case are the simultaneous detection of primary and metastatic tumors before receiving any treatment and the absence of the K27M mutation in the H3F3A gene in the metastasis.The paper describes three cases of soft tissue clear cell sarcoma, a rare melanin-producing malignant tumor, which is diagnosed in 52-to-87-year-old women. It provides a clinical and morphological description of the tumor and the results of immunohistochemical tests.Certain difficulties arise in the differential diagnosis between Reed nevus that is common in children and adolescents and cutaneous melanoma that is extremely rare in patients of this age group. In addition to the classical histological examination, an immunohistochemical test for marker proteins is carried out to improve the accuracy of the diagnosis of pigmented skin neoplasms.

To evaluate the suitability of a set of proteins (cyclin D1, p16

, and HLA class I antigens) in the differential diagnosis of Reed nevus and cutaneous melanoma in children and adolescents.

Three samples of pigmented skin neoplasms were taken during surgical treatment in patients at the Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology two samples of Reed nevus (from a 9-year-old girl and a 15-year-old boy) and a sample of cutaneous melanoma that had developed in an 8-year-old boy. The materials were presented by paraffin blocks. Immunohistochemical staining was performed using antibodies against cyclin D1, p16

, and HLA clasus melanoma in children and adolescents.Investigation of features of expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) is important for both understanding the mechanisms of the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases, and determining the nature of their course in order to choose a correct and timely treatment strategy.

To establish the value of MMPs for the diagnosis and determination of the nature of the course of periodontitis at the stage of disease manifestation, by morphometrically assessing the expression of MMPs in the gingival biopsy material.

Gingival biopsy specimens from 82 patients with rapidly progressing (

=26), chronic simple (

=18), and chronic complex (

=38) periodontitis were analyzed. Morphometric and statistical analysis of the expression of MMPs was carried out using Aperio ImageScope v. 12.4.0.5043, Statistica 10.0, and MedCalc (

<0.05).

Analysis of the nature of MMP expression in the gingival biopsy material of patients with periodontal diseases showed that MMP2 and MMP13 were approximately equally involved in the development and course of all the studied forms of periodontitis.