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Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is a prevalent, impairing, and trans-diagnostic behavior that can be comprehensively assessed in daily life studies. We conducted a systematic literature review of 35 Ambulatory Assessment and Daily Diary studies of NSSI, to achieve three aims. First, we reviewed descriptive evidence on NSSI acts. On average, studies observed 1.6 acts per participant, but evidence regarding methods, pain, and context was sparse. Second, we reviewed evidence on NSSI urges. On average, studies reported 4.3 urges per participant. Urges were also associated with increased negative affect and predicted later acts. Third, we reviewed evidence on the Four-function Model of NSSI. Eight studies partially supported negative intrapersonal reinforcement, showing increased negative affect pre NSSI, but, of these, only four studies supported decreased negative affect post NSSI. Additionally, only three studies supported positive intrapersonal reinforcement, showing decreased positive affect pre and increased positive affect post NSSI. Evidence for the interpersonal functions was limited to two studies and inconclusive. We recommend assessing the intensity, frequency, and context of acts and urges, as well as pain and urge duration in future studies. We also recommend follow-up prompts after acts and urges to better track affect trajectories, and a detailed assessment of interpersonal events.Following implementation of Health Canada's Policy on Listeria monocytogenes in Ready-to-Eat Foods by Canadian food safety authorities in 2011, a four-year study (2012-2016) was carried out to gain baseline information on the occurrence of bacterial pathogens, notably the prevalence and levels of Listeria monocytogenes (L. monocytogenes) in various product types of ready-to-eat (RTE) fresh-cut fruits and fresh-cut vegetables sold at retail in Canada. A total of 10,070 pre-packaged samples, including 4691 fresh-cut fruit and 5379 fresh-cut vegetable samples were collected from retail stores across Canada and analyzed for bacterial pathogens and generic Escherichia coli (E. see more coli). Salmonella species (spp.), E. coli O157H7, Shigella and Campylobacter were not detected in any of the tested samples. L. monocytogenes was identified in 0.51% (95% CI [0.34, 0.76]) of the fresh-cut fruit and in 0.24% (95% CI [0.14, 0.41]) of the fresh-cut vegetable samples. Of the 37 L. monocytogenes positive samples identified, levels of L. monocytogenes less then 5 CFU/g, 5- less then 100 CFU/g, and ≥100 CFU/g were found in 67.6% (25/37), 24.3% (9/37) and 8.1% (3/37) of the samples, respectively. The results of this study indicate that the vast majority of fresh-cut fruits and vegetables sold on the Canadian retail market are safe for consumption. However, contamination by L. monocytogenes can infrequently occur in fresh-cut fruits and vegetables, with certain types of fresh-cut fruits (i.e., melons, apples) and vegetables (i.e., mushrooms, cauliflower) being more likely to be contaminated than others. Safe handling practices are recommended for producers, retailers and consumers including storage at refrigerated temperatures.

Thumb orthoses are a standard treatment modality, with substantial evidence to support its usage for multiple conditions affecting the upper extremity. Despite commonly prescribed, little is known about the immediate impact of such devices on the upper extremity, including potential modifications on motor patterns.

We aimed to determine the changes in the upper limb kinematics during the usage of thumb orthotics, comparing differences in orthotic design, length, and fabrication materials.

In this cross-sectional study, subjects performed a standardized reaching task and the placing subtest of the Minnesota Manual Dexterity Test (MMDT) while wearing five unique thumb orthoses. Besides the active range of motion of the shoulder, elbow, wrist and hand joints, movement smoothness (Number of Movement Units-NMU), speed, and motion control strategies were analyzed through eight Qualisys Oqus 300 cameras (Qualisys AB, Göteborg, Sweden).

Ten non-disabled, university students participated in this study. Despitens that may be affected by orthotics usage.

Although joint stabilization was similar among orthotics fabricated with rigid and flexible materials, the improved hand dexterity observed during the use of flexible devices suggests an advantage of flexible orthotics for enhanced stability and hand function. These results can assist healthcare professionals during the selection and prescription of thumb orthotics, providing information not only on the range of motion but other sensorimotor aspects involved in upper extremity movement patterns that may be affected by orthotics usage.

People with chronic ankle instability (CAI) exhibit neuromuscular deficits. Previous studies, however, only investigated magnitudes of muscle activation and not the time-frequency domain.

Do people with CAI exhibit differences in muscle activation patterns in the time-frequency domain during landing, anticipated cutting, and unanticipated cutting compared to matched controls?

Eleven people with CAI and eleven healthy matched controls (CON) performed landing, anticipated cutting, and unanticipated cutting as surface EMG of the lateral gastrocnemius, medial gastrocnemius, fibularis longus, soleus, and tibialis anterior were recorded. The time-frequency domain of surface EMG data was analyzed with wavelet transformations and principal component analysis (PCA), PC scores were compared across group, task, and muscle with three-way ANOVAs.

The PCA extracted two PCs that captured the overall magnitude (PC1) of wavelet intensities across the time-frequency domain and a shift among the range of frequencies (PCed neuromuscular deficits in the time-frequency domain of EMG during dynamic tasks. These deficits appear to reflect a neuromuscular strategy characterized by the recruitment of fewer motor units in ankle muscles regardless of task, and an inability to scale the recruitment of motor units in the frequency domain in response to different task demands. Rehabilitation for people with CAI should consider that this population exhibits differences in neuromuscular control that exist not only in the overall magnitudes, but also in the time-frequency domain, of muscle activation patterns.