Monahanboye6554

Technology advancements have driven the use of self-administered dietary assessment methods in large-scale dietary surveys. Interviewer-assisted methods generally have a complicated recipe recording procedure enabling the adjustment from a standard recipe. MK-28 In order to decide if this functionality can be omitted for self-administered dietary assessment, this study aimed to assess the extent of standard recipe modifications in the Dutch National Food Consumption Survey, and measure the impact on the food group and nutrient intake distributions of the population when the modifications were disregarded. A two-scenario simulation analysis was conducted. Firstly, the individual recipe scenario omitted the full modifications to the standard recipes made by people who knew their recipes. Secondly, the modified recipe scenario omitted the modifications made by those who partially modified the standard recipe due to their limited knowledge. The weighted percentage differences for the nutrient and food group intake distributions between the scenarios and the original dataset were calculated. The highest percentage of energy consumed through mixed dishes was 10% for females aged 19 to 79. Comparing the combined scenario and the original dataset, the average of the absolute percentage difference for the population mean intakes was 1.6% across all food groups and 0.6% for nutrients. The soup group (-6.6%) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) (-2.3%) showed the largest percentage difference. The recipe simplification caused a slight underestimation of the consumed amount of both foods (-0.2%) and nutrients (-0.4%). These results are promising for developing self-administered 24hR or food diary applications without complex recipe function.OBJECTIVE Food security has been suggested to be a risk factor for depression, stress and anxiety. We therefore undertook a systematic review and meta-analysis of available publications to examine these associations further. DESIGN Relevant studies were identified by searching Web of Science, Embase, Scopus and PubMed databases up to January 2019. SETTING OR was pooled using a random-effects model. Standard methods were used for assessment of heterogeneity and publication bias. PARTICIPANTS Data were available from nineteen studies with 372 143 individual participants from ten different countries that were pooled for the meta-analysis. RESULTS The results showed there was a positive relationship between food insecurity (FI) and risk of depression (OR = 1·40; 95 % CI 1·30, 1·58) and stress (OR = 1·34; 95 % CI 1·24, 1·44) but not anxiety. Subgroup analysis by age showed that subjects older than ≥65 years exhibited a higher risk of depression (OR = 1·75; 95 % CI 1·20, 2·56) than younger participants (OR = 1·34; 95 % CI 1·20, 1·50), as well as a greater risk of depression in men (OR = 1·42; 95 % CI 1·17, 1·72) than women (OR = 1·30; 95 % CI 1·16, 1·46). Finally, subgroup analysis according to geographical location illustrated that food insecure households living in North America had the highest risk of stress and anxiety. CONCLUSIONS The evidence from this meta-analysis suggests that FI has a significant effect on the likelihood of being stressed or depressed. This indicates that health care services, which alleviate FI, would also promote holistic well-being in adults.BACKGROUND Contemporary models of psychosis implicate the importance of affective dysregulation and cognitive factors (e.g. biases and schemas) in the development and maintenance of psychotic symptoms, but studies testing proposed mechanisms remain limited. This study, uniquely using a prospective design, investigated whether the jumping to conclusions (JTC) reasoning bias contributes to psychosis progression and persistence. METHODS Data were derived from the second Netherlands Mental Health Survey and Incidence Study (NEMESIS-2). The Composite International Diagnostic Interview and an add-on instrument were used to assess affective dysregulation (i.e. depression, anxiety and mania) and psychotic experiences (PEs), respectively. The beads task was used to assess JTC bias. Time series analyses were conducted using data from T1 and T2 (N = 8666), excluding individuals who reported high psychosis levels at T0. RESULTS Although the prospective design resulted in low statistical power, the findings suggest that, compared to those without symptoms, individuals with lifetime affective dysregulation were more likely to progress from low/moderate psychosis levels (state of 'aberrant salience', one or two PEs) at T1 to high psychosis levels ('frank psychosis', three or more PEs or psychosis-related help-seeking behaviour) at T2 if the JTC bias was present [adj. relative risk ratio (RRR) 3.8, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.8-18.6, p = 0.101]. Similarly, the JTC bias contributed to the persistence of high psychosis levels (adj. RRR 12.7, 95% CI 0.7-239.6, p = 0.091). CONCLUSIONS We found some evidence that the JTC bias may contribute to psychosis progression and persistence in individuals with affective dysregulation. However, well-powered prospective studies are needed to replicate these findings.Feeding strategies for growing monogastric livestock (particularly pigs) must focus on maximising animal performance, while attempting to reduce environmental phosphorus (P) load. Achieving these goals requires a comprehensive understanding of how different P feeding strategies affect animal responses and an ability to predict P retention. Although along with Calcium, P is the most researched macromineral in pig nutrition, knowledge gaps still exist in relation to 1) the effects of P feed content on feed intake (FI); 2) the impact of P intake on body composition; 3) the distribution of absorbed P to pools within the body. Here we address these knowledge gaps by gathering empirical evidence on the effects of P deficient feeds and by developing a predictive, mechanistic model of P utilisation and retention incorporating this evidence. Based on our statistical analyses of published literature data, we found 1) no change in FI response in pigs given lower P feed contents; 2) the body ash-protein relationship to be dependent upon feed composition, with the isometric relationship only holding for pigs given balanced feeds; 3) the priority to be given towards P retention in soft tissue over P retention in bones.