Sargentbyskov9517

A crystal structure of Drosophila stimulator of interferon genes (dSTING) in complex with 3'2'-cGAMP explains selective isomer recognition, and 3'2'-cGAMP induces an enhanced antiviral state in vivo that protects from viral infection. Similar to radiation of Toll-like receptors in pathogen immunity, our results establish cGLRs as a diverse family of metazoan pattern recognition receptors.An ideal therapeutic anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody would resist viral escape1-3, have activity against diverse sarbecoviruses4-7, and be highly protective through viral neutralization8-11 and effector functions12,13. Understanding how these properties relate to each other and vary across epitopes would aid the development of therapeutic antibodies and guide vaccine design. Here we comprehensively characterize escape, breadth and potency across a panel of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies targeting the receptor-binding domain (RBD). Despite a trade-off between in vitro neutralization potency and breadth of sarbecovirus binding, we identify neutralizing antibodies with exceptional sarbecovirus breadth and a corresponding resistance to SARS-CoV-2 escape. One of these antibodies, S2H97, binds with high affinity across all sarbecovirus clades to a cryptic epitope and prophylactically protects hamsters from viral challenge. Antibodies that target the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor-binding motif (RBM) typically have poor breadth and are readily escaped by mutations despite high neutralization potency. Nevertheless, we also characterize a potent RBM antibody (S2E128) with breadth across sarbecoviruses related to SARS-CoV-2 and a high barrier to viral escape. These data highlight principles underlying variation in escape, breadth and potency among antibodies that target the RBD, and identify epitopes and features to prioritize for therapeutic development against the current and potential future pandemics.

Nurse educators expanded replacement of traditional clinical practice and face-to-face simulation experiences with screen-based simulation (SBS) during the COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) pandemic.

The purpose of this research was to understand the student experience when learning in 3 types of clinical education environments.

This quantitative descriptive survey study used the Clinical Learning Environment Comparison Survey 2.0 (CLECS 2.0) to compare prelicensure nursing students' perceptions of learning in 3 clinical learning environments.

The CLECS 2.0 was completed by 113 participants from 3 countries. Most scores were highest for the traditional clinical practice environment, and all were lowest for the SBS environment.

The findings are concerning as discussions about whether SBS can replace traditional clinical practice hours unfolds. The findings support the need for concentrated efforts to improve specific areas of the SBS experience.

The findings are concerning as discussions about whether SBS can replace traditional clinical practice hours unfolds. The findings support the need for concentrated efforts to improve specific areas of the SBS experience.

Team-based learning (TBL) is an evidence-based, highly structured teaching strategy.

The purpose of this review was to explore the specific TBL structure and process design elements reported in nursing education studies.

A scoping review was undertaken according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for scoping reviews. Databases were searched on February 15, 2021, using search terms related to nursing, education, and TBL.

Of 226 potentially relevant citations, 45 studies were included. The specific TBL design elements reported were team size (n = 41), team formation (n = 24), readiness assurance process (n = 45), immediate feedback (n = 42), activity sequencing (n = 42), 4S application design (n = 13), incentive structure(s) (n = 22), and peer evaluation (n = 13).

There was variability in the reporting of TBL design elements. Preclass preparation and individual and team Readiness Assurance Tests were well reported. Application exercise design and approach to peer evaluation were gaps in the included studies.

There was variability in the reporting of TBL design elements. Preclass preparation and individual and team Readiness Assurance Tests were well reported. Application exercise design and approach to peer evaluation were gaps in the included studies.

Nurses are concerned for their safety and conflicted about their career, because their duty to care for patients during the pandemic involved competing ethical obligations, including their own personal safety.

The aim was to explore the impact of COVID-19 on new nurses and nursing students in terms of safety and interest in nursing specifically related to self-efficacy, geographic region case density, and frontline experience in health care.

New nurses and nursing students (N = 472) responded to an online survey examining self-efficacy, sense of safety, and interest in nursing. The survey included an open-ended question to support response interpretation.

Researchers identified significant differences among new nurses and students from contrasting case-dense regions in terms of safety and interest in nursing.

Concerns about personal safety and the safety of others were apparent. Over time, this may lead to a decrease in willingness to enter or remain in the nursing profession.

Concerns about personal safety and the safety of others were apparent. Over time, this may lead to a decrease in willingness to enter or remain in the nursing profession.

A small proportion of children affected by rheumatic diseases suffer from severe, progressive disease, resistant to conventional antirheumatic therapies and to biologic agents interfering with inflammatory cytokines, costimulatory molecules expressed on immune system cells and intracellular signalling pathways. read more Adding to the poor prognosis is a high risk from significant morbidity and mortality associated with long-term treatment with multiple, often combined anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive agents. Carefully selected patients from this unfortunate group may benefit from treatment with haematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

The majority of patients with severe paediatric rheumatic and autoinflammatory diseases treated with autologous and/or allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation achieved long-term remission. However, the incidence of disease relapse and transplant related morbidity and mortality is still significant.

Careful patient and donor selection, timing of the transplant earlier in the course of disease rather than the 'last resort' and choosing the most suitable conditioning regimen for each individual patient are the major factors favouring successful outcome.