Jameshermann2313

These data suggested that disruption of MaSho1 shifted the conidiation pattern by altering the transcription of genes to inhibit mycelial growth, thereby promoting the conidiation of M. acridum.1,4-Dioxane, a probable human carcinogen, is a co-contaminant at many chlorinated solvent-contaminated sites. Although numerous 1,4-dioxane-degrading aerobic bacteria have been isolated, almost no information exists on the microorganisms able to degrade this chemical under anaerobic conditions. Here, the potential for 1,4-dioxane biodegradation was examined using multiple inocula and electron acceptor amendments. The inocula included uncontaminated agricultural soils and river sediments as well as sediments from two 1,4-dioxane contaminated sites. Five separate experiments involved the examination of triplicate live microcosms and abiotic controls for approximately 1 year. Compound-specific isotope analysis (CSIA) was used to further investigate biodegradation in a subset of the microcosms. Also, DNA was extracted from microcosms exhibiting 1,4-dioxane biodegradation for microbial community analysis using 16S rRNA gene amplicon high-throughput sequencing. Given the long incubation periods, it is likely that esis indicated that the phylotypes unclassified Comamonadaceae and 3 genus incertae sedis were more abundant in 1,4-dioxane-degrading microcosms compared to the live controls (no 1,4-dioxane) in microcosms inoculated with contaminated and uncontaminated sediment, respectively. The relative abundance of known 1,4-dioxane degraders was also investigated at the genus level. The soil microcosms were dominated primarily by Rhodanobacter with lower relative abundance values for Pseudomonas, Mycobacterium, and Acinetobacter. The sediment communities were dominated by Pseudomonas and Rhodanobacter. learn more Overall, the current study indicates 1,4-dioxane biodegradation under anaerobic and, likely methanogenic conditions, is feasible. Therefore, natural attenuation may be an appropriate cleanup technology at sites where time is not a limitation.Bacteriocins are antimicrobial peptides produced by bacteria, and their production is regarded as a desirable probiotic trait. We found that Lactobacillus gasseri LM19, a strain isolated from human milk, produces several bacteriocins, including a novel bacteriocin, gassericin M. These bacteriocins were purified from culture and synthesised to investigate their activity and potential synergy. L. gasseri LM19 was tested in a complex environment mimicking human colon conditions; it not only survived, but expressed the seven bacteriocin genes and produced short-chain fatty acids. Metagenomic analysis of these in vitro colon cultures showed that co-inoculation of L. gasseri LM19 with Clostridium perfringens gave 16S ribosomal RNA metagenomic profiles with more similarity to controls than to vessels inoculated with C. perfringens alone. These results indicate that L. gasseri LM19 could be an interesting candidate for maintaining homeostasis in the gut environment.We developed a fast, rabies virus-free, in vitro method, based on a blocking ELISA (bELISA), to detect and accurately quantify anti-rabies glycoprotein antibodies in serum of several animal species. In this method, purified rabies virus-like particles (VLPs) are used as antigen to coat the plates, while the presence of specific rabies immunoglobulins is revealed through blocking the recognition of these VLPs by a biotinylated monoclonal antibody. A quality by design approach was carried out in order to optimize the method performance, improving the sensitivity and, thereby, reducing the limit of detection of this assay. After the method validation, we confirmed that the bELISA method is able to detect a concentration of 0.06 IU/mL rabies immunoglobulins, titer lower than the 0.5 IU/mL cutoff value established as indication for correct vaccination. Further, we assessed the correlation between bELISA, the MNT, and the Platelia methods, confirming the accuracy of this new assay. On the other hand, precision was evaluated, obtaining acceptable repeatability and intermediate precision values, showing that this bELISA could be proposed as a potential alternative method, replacing the gold standard techniques in vaccination schemes and becoming a routine control technique within regional rabies surveillance programs.Triacetylfusarinine C (TAFC) is a siderophore produced by certain fungal species and might serve as a highly useful biomarker for the fast diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis. Due to its renal elimination, the biomarker is found in urine samples of patients suffering from Aspergillus infections. Accordingly, non-invasive diagnosis from this easily obtainable body fluid is possible. Within our contribution, we demonstrate how Raman microspectroscopy enables a sensitive and specific detection of TAFC. We characterized the TAFC iron complex and its iron-free form using conventional and interference-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (IERS) and compared the spectra with the related compound ferrioxamine B, which is produced by bacterial species. Even though IERS only offers a moderate enhancement of the Raman signal, the employment of respective substrates allowed lowering the detection limit to reach the clinically relevant range. The achieved limit of detection using IERS was 0.5 ng of TAFC, which is already well within the clinically relevant range. By using an extraction protocol, we were able to detect 1.4 μg/mL TAFC via IERS from urine within less than 3 h including sample preparation and data analysis. We could further show that TAFC and ferrioxamine B can be clearly distinguished by means of their Raman spectra even in very low concentrations.Progesterone is the representative progestogens in five major classes of steroid hormones and plays important roles in mammalian pregnancy and animal growth and development. Conventional available analytical methods for progesterone involve immunoassay, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS), which lack specificity or usually require sophisticated operations and relatively long time. Herein, we developed a novel strategy for rapid analysis of progesterone via direct analysis in real time mass spectrometry (DART-MS) combined with solid-phase extraction (SPE) using an amino functionalized metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). Under optimized conditions, a wide linear range of 0.5-500 ng mL-1 was achieved, with a satisfactory correlation coefficient (R2 = 0.9992). The relative standard deviations (RSDs) were in the range from 2.4 to 8.4%, demonstrating good precision. The applicability was then confirmed by analyzing spiked lake water and synthetic urine samples, and recoveries are between 92.