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Environmental problems caused by mines have been increasing. As one of the most serious types of mining damage caused to the eco-environment, open pits have been the focus of monitoring and management. Previous studies have obtained effective results when evaluating the ecological quality of a mining area by using the remote sensing ecological index (RSEI). However, the calculation of RSEI does not consider that the ecological environmental impact is limited under natural conditions. To overcome this shortcoming, this paper proposes an improved RSEI based on a moving window model, namely the moving window-based remote sensing ecological index (MW-RSEI). This improved index is more in agreement with the First Law of Geography than RSEI. This study uses Landsat ETM/OLI/TIRS images to extract MW-RSEI information of a case area in Zhengzhou City, Henan Province, central China, in 2009 and 2018. The results revealed that the average value of MW-RSEI declined from 0.668 to 0.611 from 2009 to 2018, and the main drivers of the deterioration of the eco-environment were land use/cover (LUCC) changes, most of which were derived from urban expansion and mining. The serious impact of open pits on the eco-environment in mining areas is mainly due to their low vegetation cover; therefore, some effectively managed open pits can have a positive impact on the mining environment. The use of MW-RSEI provides valuable information on the eco-environment surrounding the open pit, which can be used for the rapid and effective monitoring of the eco-environment in mining areas.Stresses of antibiotics can cause strains (i.e. effects) on seed at germination and post-germination stages. But there is a lack of research on the period and type of the effects at present. In this study, Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa L.), a commonly used crop, was selected to investigate the effect of tetracycline (TC), a major-use antibiotic, on its seed during different periods of the stages. Results showed that there were no significant differences among the germination energy (GE) of control (CK) and treatments, but radicle length (RL) of the treatments, the exposure to TC at post-germination stage (i.e. radicle elongation stage), was all significantly less than that of CK. The initial stage of radicle elongation was the earliest and most sensitive period at which the stress of TC caused the plastic effect on seed. Moreover, the action of TC stress on seed did not have a delayed characteristic. The result of RL was identical to the leakage of intracellular substances at radicle fast elongation stage, but not the Evan's blue trapped by radicle. We concluded that TC inhibited the elongation of radicle through weakening the cellular metabolic activity rather than leading to the loss of cellular membrane integrity. It should be paid more attention to the phytotoxicity of TC in the field due to its active characteristics revealed in our study.OBJECTIVES There is currently no standardized approach for assessing the depth of invasion (DOI) of oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma via diagnostic imaging. We investigated the usefulness of contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) for estimating the pathological DOI of oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma by evaluating the correlation of pathological DOI with the DOIs on CECT and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). METHODS We retrospectively reviewed 21 of 139 patients who underwent radical surgery for primary oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma between 2009 and 2018. The 21 cases were evaluable, without dental artifacts on CECT. DOIs on CECT and MRI, and pathological DOI were measured. RESULTS The median pathological DOI was 9 mm, that on CECT was 10.9 mm, that on T2-weighted MRI was 14.2 mm, and that on contrast-enhanced T1-weighted MRI was 13.1 mm. STING inhibitor C-178 concentration The DOIs on CECT and on MRI were larger than the pathological DOI (p = 0.003 to less then  0.001). The absolute value of the difference between pathological DOI and DOI on CECT was smaller than that between pathological DOI and DOI on MRI (p = 0.01 and 0.003). DOIs on CECT and on MRI correlated with pathological DOI (r = 0.74-0.66, all p  less then  0.001). Spearman's correlation coefficient between DOI on CECT and pathological DOI was greater than that between DOI on MRI and pathological DOI. CONCLUSIONS Compared to the DOI determined on an MRI scan, the DOI determined on a CECT scan correlated with and better approximated pathological DOI. Therefore, CECT can be useful for preoperative staging of patients with oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma.Burns et al. (this issue) have shown that the application of the symmetrical bifactor model to attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) symptoms leads to anomalous and inconsistent results across different rater groups. In contrast to the symmetrical bifactor model, applications of the bifactor S-1 model showed consistent and theoretically well-founded results. The implications of the bifactor S-1 model for individual clinical assessment are discussed. It is shown that individual factor scores of the bifactor S-1 model reveal important information about the profile of individual symptoms that is not captured by factor scores of the multidimensional model with correlated first-order factors. It is argued that for individual clinical assessment factor scores from both types of model (multidimensional model with correlated first-order factors, bifactor S -1 model) should be estimated and compared. Finally, a general strategy for choosing an appropriate model for analyzing multi-faceted constructs is presented that compares areas of applications for (1) the multidimensional model with correlated first-order factors, (2) the bifactor S-1 model with a general reference factor, and (3) the bifactor S - 1 model with a directly assessed general factor.Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and trichotillomania (hair pulling disorder, HPD) are both considered obsessive-compulsive and related disorders due to some indications of shared etiological and phenomenological characteristics. However, a lack of direct comparisons between these disorders, especially in pediatric samples, limits our understanding of divergent versus convergent characteristics. This study compared neurocognitive functioning between children diagnosed with OCD and HPD. In total, 21 children diagnosed with HPD, 40 diagnosed with OCD, and 29 healthy controls (HCs), along with their parents, completed self-/parent-report measures and a neurocognitive assessment battery, which included tasks of inhibitory control, sustained attention, planning, working memory, visual memory, and cognitive flexibility. A series of analyses of variance (or covariance) indicated significant differences between groups on tasks examining planning and sustained attention. Specifically, children in both the OCD and HPD groups outperformed HCs on a task of planning.