Whitneylane6781

BRGShuman mice also showed significantly enhanced engraftment and growth of acute myeloid leukemia as well as of subcutaneously transplanted human colon cancer cells as compared to those in BRGSNOD mice. The BRGShuman mouse should be a useful basic line in establishing a more faithful xenotransplantation model to study normal and malignant human stem cells. Copyright © 2020 American Society of Hematology.Mosquito control agencies monitor mosquito diversity and abundance through a variety of trap types. Although various long-term ecological data sets exist, little work has been done to address the sampling effort required to capture mosquito community diversity by trap type and few spatiotemporal distributions of vector species have been described. Here, we describe the seasonal distributions of vector species of importance, assess trapping effort needed to capture the diversity of the mosquito community, and use a partial redundancy analysis to identify trap bias from four commonly deployed adult mosquito traps in Volusia County, Florida. Collections were made with American Biophysics Corporation (ABC) light traps, Biogents Sentinel (BGS) traps, chicken coop exit traps, and gravid traps. We collected a total of 238,301 adult female mosquitoes belonging to 11 genera and 36 species, 12 of which we deemed to be vector species of epidemiological importance. We found that ABC traps not only yielded the greatest abundance and diversity but also captured several nonvector species. BGS and gravid traps yielded the highest proportions of vector species; exit traps recorded the lowest abundances and species richness. Wintertime abundances of several species demonstrated a need for year-round surveillance in the study area; partial redundancy analysis revealed that trap type explained a significant proportion of the variance in our data set, with certain vector species associated with specific trap types. Increased awareness regarding the amount of trapping effort needed to detect vector species diversity will help to optimize efforts in the field, leading to more effective resource allocation. © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Entomological Society of America.All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail journals.permissions@oup.com.BACKGROUND In Mali, ivermectin-based onchocerciasis elimination from the Bakoye and Falémé foci, reported in 2009-2012, was a beacon leading to policy shifting from morbidity control to elimination of transmission (EOT). These foci are also endemic for lymphatic filariasis (LF). In 2007-2016 mass ivermectin plus albendazole administration was implemented. We report Ov16 (onchocerciasis) and Wb123 (LF) seroprevalence after 24-25 years of treatment to evaluate if onchocerciasis EOT and LF elimination as a public health problem (EPHP) have been achieved. METHODS The SD Bioline Onchocerciasis/LF IgG4 biplex rapid diagnostic test (RDT) was used in 2,186 children aged 3-10 years in 13 villages (plus two hamlets) in Bakoye, and 2,270 children in 15 villages (plus one hamlet) in Falémé. In Bakoye, all-age serosurveys were conducted in three historically hyperendemic villages, testing 1,867 individuals aged 3-78 years. RESULTS In Bakoye, IgG4 seropositivity was 0.27% (95%CI=0.13-0.60%) for both Ov16 and Wb123 antigens. In Falémé, Ov16 and Wb123 seroprevalence was, respectively, 0.04% (95%CI=0.01-0.25%) and 0.09% (95%CI=0.02-0.32%). Ov16-seropositive children were from historically meso- and hyperendemic villages. Ov16 positivity was less then 2% in those ≤14 years, increasing to 16% in those ≥40 years. Wb123 seropositivity was less then 2% in those ≤39 years, reaching 3% in those ≥40 years. CONCLUSIONS Notwithstanding uncertainty in the biplex RDT sensitivity, Ov16 and Wb123 seroprevalence among children in Bakoye and Falémé appears consistent with EOT (onchocerciasis) and EPHP (LF) since stopping treatment in 2016. The few Ov16-seropositive children should be skin-snip PCR tested and followed up. © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press for the Infectious Diseases Society of America.Genetic parameters are established prognostic factors in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) treated with chemoimmunotherapy but less well studied with novel compounds. We assessed IGHV mutation status, common genomic aberrations and gene mutations in 421 untreated patients within the CLL14 trial (NCT02242942) comparing obinutuzumab+chlorambucil (GClb) vs. obinutuzumab+venetoclax (VenG). The incidences of genomic aberrations considering the hierarchical model were del(17p) 7%, del(11q) 18%, +(12) 18% and del(13q) 35%, while IGHV was unmutated in 60% of patients. NOTCH1 mutations were most common (23%), followed by SF3B1 (16%), ATM (13%) and TP53 (10%). While the overall response rate (ORR) for GClb was lower in patients with del(17p), del(11q), mutated TP53, ATM and BIRC3, none of these parameters reduced complete remission (CR) and ORR with VenG. At a median follow-up of 28 months, del(17p) and mutated TP53 were the only abnormalities with impact on PFS for both treatment arms, GClb (HR 4.6, p less then 0.01, HR 2.7, p less then 0.01) and VenG (HR 4.4, p less then 0.01, HR 3.1 p less then 0.01). FG-4592 No other factors affected outcome with VenG, while for GClb del(11q), BIRC3, NOTCH1 and unmutated IGHV associated with shorter PFS. Multivariable analysis identified del(17p), del(11q), unmutated IGHV and mutated TP53, BIRC3 and SF3B1 as independent prognostic factors for PFS with GClb, while for VenG only del(17p) was significant. VenG was superior to GClb across most genetic subgroups. Especially patients with adverse genetic markers had the strongest benefit from VenG, particularly subjects with unmutated IGHV, which was identified as a predictive factor in a multivariable treatment-interaction analysis. Copyright © 2020 American Society of Hematology.INTRODUCTION The Indeterminate Domain (IDD) proteins are a plant specific subclass of C2H2 Zinc Finger transcription factors. Some of these transcription factors play roles in diverse aspects of plant metabolism and development, however the function of most of IDD genes is unknown and the molecular evolution of the subfamily has not been explored in detail. METHODS In this study, we mined available genome sequences of green plants (Viridiplantae) to reconstruct the phylogeny and then described the motifs/expression patterns of IDD genes. KEY RESULTS We identified the complete set of IDD genes of 16 Streptophyta genomes. We found that IDD and its sister clade STOP arose by a duplication at the base of Streptophyta. Once on land, the IDD genes duplicated extensively, giving rise to at least ten lineages. Some of these lineages were lost in extant non-vascular plants and gymnosperms, however all of them were retained in angiosperms, duplicating profoundly in dicots and monocots and acquiring, at the same time, surprising heterogeneity in their C-terminal regions and expression patterns.