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To assess the association between age, sex, socioeconomic group, weight status and back pain risk in a large general population cohort of children.
A dynamic cohort of children aged 4 years in the Information System for Research in Primary Care (SIDIAP) electronic primary care records data in Catalonia. Multivariable Cox models were fitted to explore the association between back pain and weight status categories according to the WHO 2007 growth reference groups (body mass index for age z-score). Models were adjusted for age, sex, socioeconomic status and nationality.
Children seen at age 4 years at paediatric primary care clinics between 1 January 2006 and 31 December 2013 and followed up until 31 December 2016 or age 15 years.
Incident back pain registered by paediatricians at primary care using the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Health Related Problems, 10th Edition code M54.
466 997 children were followed for a median 5.0 years (IQR 5.1). In multivariable models, overweight and obesity increased back pain risk, with adjusted HRs of 1.18 (95% CI 1.09 to 1.27) and 1.34 (95%CI 1.19 to 1.51) for overweight and obesity, respectively. Females were at greater risk of back pain than males with adjusted HR 1.40 (95%CI 1.35 to 1.46). Adjusted HR was 1.43 (95%CI 1.33 to 1.55) for back pain in children from the most deprived socioeconomic groups compared with the least deprived socioeconomic groups.
Maintaining a healthy weight from an early age may reduce the prevalence of back pain in both children and adults. Overweight female children from deprived socioeconomic groups are at greatest risk of back pain and represent a target population for intervention.
Maintaining a healthy weight from an early age may reduce the prevalence of back pain in both children and adults. Overweight female children from deprived socioeconomic groups are at greatest risk of back pain and represent a target population for intervention.
To assess the role of sex in the presentation and management of children attending the emergency department (ED).
The TrIAGE project (TRiage Improvements Across General Emergency departments), a prospective observational study based on curated electronic health record data.
Five diverse European hospitals in four countries (Austria, The Netherlands, Portugal, UK).
All consecutive paediatric ED visits of children under the age of 16 during the study period (8-36 months between 2012 and 2015).
The association between sex (male of female) and diagnostic tests and disease management in general paediatric ED visits and in subgroups presenting with trauma or musculoskeletal, gastrointestinal and respiratory problems and fever. Results from the different hospitals were pooled in a random effects meta-analysis.
116 172 ED visits were included of which 63 042 (54%) by boys and 53 715 (46%) by girls. IOX2 Boys accounted for the majority of ED visits in childhood, and girls in adolescence. After adjusting for agecultural factors are responsible.
In childhood, boys represent the majority of ED visits and they receive more inhalation medication. Unexpectedly, girls receive more diagnostic tests compared with boys. Further research is needed to investigate whether this is due to pathophysiological differences and differences in disease course, whether girls present signs and symptoms differently, or whether sociocultural factors are responsible.
Retirement villages (RV) have expanded rapidly, now housing perhaps one in eight people aged 75+ years in New Zealand. Health service initiatives might better support residents and offer cost advantages, but little is known of resident demographics, health status or needs. This study describes village residents-their demographics, socio-behavioural and health status-noting differences between participants who volunteered and those who were sampled.
Cross-sectional study of village residents. The cohort formed will also be used for a longitudinal study and a randomised controlled trial. Village managers (sometimes after consulting residents) decided if representative sampling could be undertaken in each village. Where sampling was not approved, volunteers were sought.
33 RV were included from a total of 65 villages in Auckland, New Zealand.
Residents (n=578) were recruited either by sampling (n=217) or as volunteers (n=361) during 2016-2018. Each completed a survey and an International Resident Assessmeeds and offer cost benefits.
ACTRN12616000685415.
ACTRN12616000685415.
To evaluate whether allostatic load (AL), a measure of cumulative biological risk, fully or partially mediates observed socioeconomic status (SES) differences in cognitive function in the elderly.
Cross-sectional mediation analysis.
Community-dwelling US elderly who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES).
The NHANES uses a complex, multistage, probability sampling design to select a nationally representative sample. Of the 4976 elderly (60 years or older) who were selected, 3234 agreed to participate in the household and medical exam interviews (65% response rate).
Performance on the Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST)-a measure of cognitive function.
Relative to participants with the lowest level of education or family income, participants who were college graduates (β=24.4, 95% CI 22 to 26.8, p<0.0001) or in the highest income quartile (β=17.3, 95% CI 15.2 to 19.4, p<0.0001) had the highest DSST scores and the least AL burden (β=-0.72, 95% CI -0.98 life.
This study was performed to explore the effects of visit-to-visit blood pressure variability (BPV) on cardiovascular events (CVEs) in people with various body mass indexes (BMIs).
Prospective cohort study.
The average real variability of systolic blood pressure (ARV
) was the indicator for visit-to-visit BPV. The participants were divided into three groups normal weight, overweight and obesity. We further divided these groups into four subgroups based on the ARV
. A Cox regression model was used to calculate the HRs of the ARV
on CVEs in the same and different BMI groups. Additionally, a competitive risk model was used to calculate the HRs of the ARV
on CVEs in the same BMI group.
In total, 41 043 individuals met the inclusion criteria (no historical CVEs or tumours, no incidence of CVEs or tumours and no death during the four examinations) and had complete systolic blood pressure and BMI data.
A total of 868 CVEs occurred. The cumulative incidence of CVEs increased as ARV
rose in both the normal weight and overweight groups.