Riosmartinez1194

The current study explored the accuracy of consensual moral stereotypes that women and men hold about each other, as well as whether the gender differences in morality found in previous literature replicate on a sample of Pakistani individuals. A sample of 300 was used with an equal number of men and women. Data from 50 of the respondents was collected online, whereas the rest was collected in person from universities. The 30-item Moral Foundations Questionnaire (MFQ30) was used as a measure of five Moral Foundations, which are the basic elements of moral psychology as posited by Moral Foundations Theory. Men and women answered the questionnaire for themselves and then a second time, according to their perception of how a typical member of the other gender would respond which gave a measure of their stereotype. Comparison of actual scores of men and women revealed a statistically significant difference where women scored higher than men on the Harm foundation (p = 0.001). All other foundations, except for the Authority foundation showed the same pattern of differences as the previous literature, although they did not reach statistical significance. Stereotypes about men held by women were inaccurate underestimations on the Harm and Fairness foundations. The stereotype about women, held by men, was accurate on the Fairness foundation and inaccurate on the Authority foundation in the direction of underestimation. This research serves to further the study of Moral Foundations Theory as well as exploring the reasons behind the inaccurate moral stereotypes that men and women hold about each other, and actual gender differences in morality.PURPOSE To determine the effect of aging on the corneal subbasal nerve plexus (SNP) by employing a wide-field mapping technique of composite images, scanned at the location of a distinctive spiraled subbasal nerve pattern located 1 to 2 mm inferior to the corneal apex (the inferior whorl) for SNP structural quantification. MATERIAL AND METHODS The central corneal tactile sensitivity (CCTS) and inferior whorl length (IWL) were compared among individuals in three age groups (20-39 years, 40-59 years, and 60-79 years). Statistical analyses constituted the Kruskal-Wallis test, one-way analysis of variance (with post hoc least significant difference test), Spearman correlation coefficient, and linear regression analysis. RESULTS CCTS remained stable until the age of 50 years, when it began to decrease; the mean CCTS was 58.15±2.46 mm in the group aged 20-39, 55.74±3.85 mm in the group aged 40-59, and 50.23±3.27 mm in the group aged 60-79. IWL decreased with increasing age, with a corresponding linear decline of 0.2088 mm/mm2 per year, and the mean IWL was 25.43±4.50 mm/mm2 in the group aged 20-39, 22.71±6.19 mm/mm2 in the group aged 40-59, and 18.60±4.21 mm/mm2 in the group aged 60-79. CONCLUSION Our work provided a more accurate and repeatable method for corneal nerve analysis using Laser-Scanning Confocal Microscopy (LSCM). By using this technique, we confirmed that aging is associated with progressive reduction in subbasal nerve length. © 2020 S. selleck screening library Karger AG, Basel.OBJECTIVE To determine the vascular density of the anterior segment (AS) of the eye from the optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) images and slit-lamp photographs. METHODS A swept-source OCTA (Plex Elite 9000, Carl Zeiss) device modified with a +10 diopter lens was used to record the vasculature of the AS. Twenty eyes including 4 eyes of 4 healthy subjects and 16 eyes of 10 patients scheduled for cataract surgery or combined vitrectomy and cataract surgery were studied. Slit-lamp photographs of the AS were acquired concurrently with the AS-OCTA images. The vascular density was measured preoperatively and postoperatively in the nasal, temporal, superior, and inferior quadrants after binarization with the ImageJ software. RESULTS Acceptable AS-OCTA images were obtained in 65% (superior), 80% (nasal), 65% (inferior), 80% (temporal) of the eyes. The percentage of acceptable images was significantly lower in the superior quadrant in the AS-OCTA images than in the AS photographs (100%, P=0.004). The vascular density measured by AS-OCTA was higher than that of the AS photographs in all quadrants (P=0.011 to less then 0.001). The AS-OCTA B-mode images showed that vascular flow was identified mainly between the conjunctiva and sclera but not in the ciliary body. The vascular density increased significantly after the cataract surgery at the superior quadrant which was significantly correlated with the location of the surgical incision (P=0.03). CONCLUSION AS-OCTA can obtain images with higher vascular density of the conjunctiva and sclera than the slit-lamp photographs, and the AS-OCTA images can show the postoperative increase of the vascular density. © 2020 S. Karger AG, Basel.PURPOSE To evaluate surgically induced refractive changes (SIRC) and visual acuity (VA) changes after blepharoplasty combined with posterior approach ptosis surgery (Müller's muscle-conjunctival resection [MMCR]) versus upper eyelid blepharoplasty alone. METHODS This is a prospective, comparative clinical study. Patients undergoing MMCR and blepharoplasty surgeries underwent comprehensive ophthalmic examinations preoperatively and 3 months postoperatively. SIRC were calculated with the 10-step Holladay method. RESULTS Fifty-six patients participated in the study, 31 in the blepharoplasty group and 25 in the ptosis group. LogMAR VA improved significantly after surgery in both groups (P less then 0.001). In both groups, most patients showed significant change in SIRC sphere, and spherical equivalent (SE) of more than 0.5D (For blepharoplasty group 61.29%, 67.74%; For ptosis group 72.72%, 72.72% respectively). Patients undergoing combined blepharoplasty ptosis surgery showed the greatest SIRC-cylinder. CONCLUSIONS Upper eyelid blepharoplasty with or without MMCR is associated with significant SIRC 3 months postoperatively. This may affect decision-making for all patients, especially for those who intend to seek refractive correction in addition to the index upper eyelid surgery. © 2020 S. Karger AG, Basel.