Mcclanahanhanna8346

The spatiotemporal variation of water quality pattern was studied by the interpolation maps extracted from ArcGIS. The results are compared with WHO standard to validate the drinking water quality. The calculated indices indicated the suitability of water for domestic and irrigation purposes. The developed indexing system is user friendly, robust, flexible and may evaluate the index considering any water quality standard.In this study, mature seeds of Zea mays (Malka 16) were irrigated with untreated and UASB-treated wastewater with combination of 50% textile and 50% sewage at hydraulic retention times (HRTs) of 0, 5, 10, and 15 h. Four other treatments diluted with distilled water (DW) were also evaluated. Eight-week analysis of irrigation revealed very small differences in the results of plant biomass and growth parameters of control and those irrigated with 15 h (HRT) treatments. The values of both types of water were observed as chlorophyll a and b contents, 5.9, 3.4, vs 5.5, 3.1 mg g-1, total chlorophyll 9.4 vs 8.8 mg g-1, carotenoids 9.5 vs 8.7 mg g-1, spad values 61.4 vs 56.3, net photosynthetic rate (A) 15.6 vs 14.5 μmol m-2 S-1, transpiration rate (E) 3.98 vs 3.8 μmol m-2 S-1, stomatal conductance 5.9 vs 5.8 μmol m-2 S-1, water use efficiency 10.3 vs 9.7 mmol Cmm-1 H2O, electrolyte leakage 115 vs 98% and total soluble proteins 385 vs 354 in leaves and 260 vs 231 g-1 FW in roots. While this stress enhanced H2O2 92 vs 115 and 195 vs 224 Units g-1, MDA 6.8 vs 9.1 and 5.9 vs 8.3 Units g-1, activities of enzymatic antioxidants SOD 25 vs 63 and 54 vs 63 Units g-1, POD 1170 vs 1310 and 570 vs 650 Units g-1, CAT 570 vs 820 and 880 vs 1040 Units g-1, and APX 235 vs 278 and 134 vs 187 Units g-1 in leaves and roots, respectively. Heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, and Zn) in such plants were mostly within or about permissible limits of NEQS. The results obtained were more close to that of control. This practice may lead to clean environment and its reuse shall also reduce the stress on fresh water. Early researches transpire a little work done on the reuse of UASB-treated textile wastewater with co substrate, for irrigation purpose.Pyroligneous acids can be used in herbicides, but the dosage used often more than 1000 kg ha-1. Five treatments including the application of bamboo, wood, straw vinegar, acetic acid and sulphuric acid at high dosages sprayed once every 6 days, for a total of 3 times. We then continuously monitored the changes in soil pH, moisture content and the activities of three soil hydrolase enzymes involving in urease, protease and sucrase. We found that after 1~3 days of spraying with all 5 kinds of acid, the soil pH was not immediately reduced, but from 3 days after application onward it was reduced by a maximum of 1.54~1.75, which showed that the soil had some buffering capacity. Over time, the pH began to return to the water control pH value, which showed that the soil also had good restorative capacity. After the second and third times of spraying, the pH change measured showed no cumulative effect, which demonstrated that the soil had adaptive capacity. We accidentally found that bamboo vinegar could improve the soil pH by a maximum of 0.65~1.02, while the other four acids reduced its pH. Bamboo vinegar was found to contain the 6 compounds while wood and straw vinegar contained none of these compounds. These compounds may be a new potential reagent(s) for improving the pH. Three soil sample processing methods tested for determining pH, including the moist soil test, oven-dry soil test and air-dried soil test, all produced extremely and significantly different pH values. Five acids were unable to significantly improve the water holding capacity of the soil; they had adverse effects on the activity of the urease enzymes while beneficial effects on the protease and sucrase enzymes. Therefore, pyroligneous acid and acetic acid have no effects on soil health as herbicides.In this work, the synthesis of catalyst with perovskite structure and chemical formula La1-XCeXMnO3 at x = 0 - 0.5 were successfully obtained by an ultrasonic-assisted hydrothermal method. Results show that the addition of Ce in La1-XCeXMnO3 have not substantial effect in textural and morphological properties; however, the formation of a new crystalline phase with final composition CeOX-La1-XCeXMnO3 was detected at values x > 0.3. All synthesized catalysts were tested in the soot oxidation under both, loose and tight contact in 20% O2/N2 or 5% O2/N2 atmospheres. CeOX-La1-XCeXMnO3 at x = 0.3 resulted in the best catalytic activity with activation energy values of 57.9 kJ.mol-1. The interaction between Ce3+ and Mn4+ species in this catalyst can transfer electrons generating Mn3+ and Ce4+. This reduction from Mn4+ to Mn3+ is accompanied by migration of vacancies to the surface promoting the adsorbed oxygen from the gas phase, need for balancing the chemical states. By increasing the temperature above 300 °C, the bulk oxygen migration to the surface is enhanced being the responsible for the oxygen availability. The formation of CeOX-La1-XCeXMnO3 promotes a stable redox cycle allowing the reusability of this catalyst even at low oxygen pressures after three different reaction cycles.Anthropogenic microfibers (thread-like pieces of litter less then  5 mm in size) including microplastic fibers have been suggested to pose a growing threat to urban rivers across the world. However, in most urban rivers, we have a limited understanding of how anthropogenic microfibers vary in presence and abundance over time. JTC-801 In this study, we examined how the presence and abundance of anthropogenic microfibers varied in the Cumberland River in Nashville, TN, a growing city with more than one million residents. To measure anthropogenic microfibers, we collected grab samples of surface water weekly from three locations along the Cumberland River in Nashville, TN (one upstream of the city, one in downtown, and one downstream of the city), over a 7-week period in summer of 2018 (n = 151 total samples). We found that anthropogenic microfibers were present at all study sites over time (mean of all samples = 27.9 microfibers/L) and that the mean abundance of anthropogenic microfibers significantly increased in the city and downstream of the city relative to our upstream collection site.