Dickensbergmann8095

We report 3 patients with coronavirus disease who had a decline in respiratory status during their hospital course that responded well to intravenous steroids and interleukin-6 receptor antagonist therapy. These patients later showed development of persistent hypoxia with increased levels of d-dimer levels and were given a diagnosis of pulmonary embolisms.After the initial Wuhan outbreak in the end of December 2019, many new cases were found in other provinces of China and also many other countries over the world, including South Korea, Italy, Iran, Japan, and 68 other countries. We presented a 61-year-old woman with a history of diabetes mellitus was referred to the emergency department of a referral hospital in Tehran, Iran. The patient presented with fever, chills, and myalgia within three days. Laboratory analysis showed increased levels of erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and mild leukopenia. SARSCoV-2 PCR test -under Iran Ministry of Health and Medical Education (MoH&ME) guidelines - result was positive and the chest X-ray shows bilateral ground glass opacity. O2 saturation was 87% (without O2 therapy). The patient was hospitalized and treated with Oseltamivir 75 mg every 12 hours, Lopinavir/Ritonavir (Kaletra) 400/100 mg every 12 hours and hydroxychloroquine 400 mg stat. The patient last O2 saturation measured was 93% and had no fever in the 10th day of hospitalization. So she has been discharged from hospital and homeisolated according to Iran Ministry of Health protocol. Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.Sarcopenia is a common condition in older adults. Sarcopenia causes frequent occurrence of muscle fatigue. Muscle fatigue commonly develops among seniors. Muscle fatigue is a type of physical fatigue that occurs due to either motor or sensory dysfunctions. Current interventions developed to decrease the occurrence of muscle fatigue includes either increasing rest periods or subdividing large tasks into small ones. The effectiveness of these interventions is highly contradicted. Recently, researchers discovered that mechanoreceptors are the main receptors of muscle fatigue, however, no clinical study investigated the effect of performing proprioceptive training to enhance the mechanoreceptors and decreasing the occurrence of muscle fatigue. Performing proprioceptive training could improve muscle fatigue by improving its sensory part. The function of mechanoreceptors, consequently might enhance fatigability and decrease the progression rate of sarcopenia. Thus, this review was conducted to suggest a novel approach of treatment to enhance fatigability and decrease Sarcopenia in seniors. This might be accomplished through increasing the firing rate of α-motor neurons, increasing the amount of Ca2+ ions in the neuromuscular junction, slowing the progression rate of Sarcopenia, and correcting movement deviations commonly occur with muscle fatigue in seniors. In conclusion, proprioceptive training could be an effective role in decreasing the progression rate of Sarcopenia and enhance the fatigability among seniors. Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.Background- Endostatin by virtue of their therapeutic value against rheumatoid arthritis have recently generated enormous interest among biomedical science. Recent study revealed that various approaches have been made to prevent rheumatoid arthritis by either controlling or inhibiting the progression of angiogenesis. Objective- The main objective of the current manuscript is to enumerates the intrinsic role of endostatin in rheumatoid arthritis. Method- A thorough and detailed review of literature from the papers published from the year 1997-2019 was studied for preparation of the current article. Result- Endostatin is one such agent of subfamily of ECM called as multiplexins obtained from proteolytic cleavage of XVIII and its carboxylic terminal fragments and is known for its antiangiogenic and antiproliferative property. The exact mechanism of endostatin is still unclear but it acts by downregulating or inhibiting the responses of various factors including Id1, Id3, matrix metalloproteinase and Nuclear factor Kappa B that are liable for angiogenesis. The mutual effects on adipogenesis and angiogenesis, endostatin inhibits dietary induced obesity and its related metabolic disorders, such as insulin resistance, glucose intolerance and hepatic steatosis. Sodium acrylate in vivo Conclusion-The present review demonstrates the intrinsic usage of endostatin as a novel molecule in rheumatoid arthritis and focus on the status of the therapeutic potential of endostatin in inhibiting the activity of angiogenesis is also very well explored. Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.INTRODUCTION Breast Milk (BM), containing nutrients and bioactive components, represents the best source for neonatal nutrition and determines short- and long- term benefits. Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) play an active role in these pathophysiological mechanisms. In fact; they influence the shaping of breastfed infant's gut microbiota, promote intestinal development, confer protection against intestinal or systemic infections modulating immune system; moreover, HMOs determine extra-intestinal effects on several target organs, i.e reducing necrotizing enterocolitis rate or improving brain development. AIMS In this review, we analyze the great inter- and intra-individual variability of BM HMOs, investigating maternal, genetic and environmental factors modulating their composition. Moreover, we provide an update regarding HMOs' unique properties, underlining their complex interaction with intestinal microbiota and host-derived metabolites. The possible HMOs' influence on extra-intestinal bacterial communities, potentially influencing newborns' and even lactating mothers' health, have been hypothesized. Finally, recognized HMOs' crucial role, we underline the promising opportunities showed by their addition in formula milk, useful to create dairy products more similar to maternal milk itself. Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.