Mckinleyholcomb1191
[This corrects the article DOI 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03900.].
Artemether-Lumefantrine (A-L) remains the drug of choice for the treatment of uncomplicated malaria in Ghana. However, the pharmaco-activity of A-L has not been assessed on various
and
genes. Therefore, this study sought to determine the therapeutic efficacy of A-L on
parasites isolated from Ghana.
The clinical study was done in Ga West Municipality, Ghana, where 78 uncomplicated malaria patients were recruited with prior consent. The patients were treated orally with A-L according to national treatment guidelines. Baseline parasitaemia was determined before treatment and 8-hourly parasitaemia posttreatment were determined till initial clearance of parasitaemia and at days 7, 14, 21, and 28.
and
genes were genotyped by sequencing using baseline samples. Parasite clearance characteristics were determined using Parasite Clearance Estimator beta 0.9 application.
Five
(F446I, S466N, R539I, A578S, and A676S) and three
mutations (N86Y, Y184F and D1246Y) were identified in 78 infected samplleles. However, continuous surveillance of Kelch 13 mutations and Pfmdr1 gene in Ghana and regular assessment of the therapeutic efficacy of A-L and other artemisinin derivatives is recommended.
The preferred treatment for management of toxoplasmosis is the combined use of pyrimethamine and sulfadiazine. However, there are a wide number of adverse side effects with these medications. Recent research has focused on the use of chitosan for the treatment of
infections. This review was performed to obtain a better understanding of the
and
effects of chitosan on
strains.
The current study was carried out according to the PRISMA guideline and registered in the CAMARADES-NC3Rs Preclinical Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Facility (SyRF) database. The search was performed in five scientific databases, including Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, and Google Scholar, with date limits of 1992 to December 2019. The search was restricted to articles published in the English language. The words and terms searched were "
", "Chitosan", "nanoparticles" and "anti-toxoplasmosis" with AND or OR.
Of 2500 manuscripts, 9 met the eligibility criteria for review. All studies used the RH strain of
, with Me49 and PRU each included in one study. Five studies (56%) were performed
, one study
and 3 studies included
and
tests.
Considering the low toxicity and the high inhibitory potency of chitosan against
, chitosan nanoparticles show potential as an alternative treatment for
.
Considering the low toxicity and the high inhibitory potency of chitosan against T. gondii, chitosan nanoparticles show potential as an alternative treatment for T. gondii infections.
In view of the emerging coronavirus pandemic, the demand for knowledge about the impact of SARS-CoV-2 on people with Multiple Sclerosis (MS) continues to grow. Patients receiving disease modifying therapy (DMT) for MS have a higher background risk of infection-related health care utilization when compared to the general population. Pamiparib Therefore, there is a need of evidence-based recommendations to reduce the risk of infection and also managing MS patients with SARS-CoV-2.
We present three patients with history of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) on DMTs presenting with worsening MS symptoms likely pseudo exacerbation who were diagnosed with COVID-19.
An extensive review of 7 articles was performed, in addition to a brief review on DMTs use in MS patients with COVID-19. In our cases, all patients were on DMT and severe course of disease was noted in 2 cases. No fatality was observed.
This review provides a base on the clinical characteristics, outcomes and the roles of DMTs in MS patients suffering from n-cov-2. Physicians need to be vigilant about considering COVID-19 infection related relapse in the MS patients, especially in this COVID-19 pandemic era and look for pseudo-exacerbation. As most cases are found to have mild course and full recovery on DMTs, further research is needed to formulate evidence-based guidelines. This review will particularly be helpful for the researchers and registries to collect future data on MS and COVID-19.
This review provides a base on the clinical characteristics, outcomes and the roles of DMTs in MS patients suffering from n-cov-2. Physicians need to be vigilant about considering COVID-19 infection related relapse in the MS patients, especially in this COVID-19 pandemic era and look for pseudo-exacerbation. As most cases are found to have mild course and full recovery on DMTs, further research is needed to formulate evidence-based guidelines. This review will particularly be helpful for the researchers and registries to collect future data on MS and COVID-19.
To describe a fatal case of influenza A pneumonia in a patient with severe lymphopenia after receiving subcutaneous cladribine to treat her multiple sclerosis (MS).
Case report.
A 53-year-old woman developed fatal influenza pneumonia associated with grade 4 lymphopenia two months after receiving a total dose of 60mg subcutaneous cladribine. Despite treatment with oseltamivir, her condition deteriorated and the patient passed away after developing respiratory failure.
Cladribine-related lymphopenia is usually mild to moderate, however severe lymphopenia may occur. People with MS, especially those who are immunosuppressed, should be offered the inactivated influenza vaccine annually.
Cladribine-related lymphopenia is usually mild to moderate, however severe lymphopenia may occur. People with MS, especially those who are immunosuppressed, should be offered the inactivated influenza vaccine annually.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is increasingly being used in radiotherapy (RT). However, geometric distortions are a known challenge of using MRI in RT. The aim of this study was to demonstrate feasibility of a national audit of MRI geometric distortions. This was achieved by assessing large field of view (FOV) MRI distortions on a number of scanners used clinically for RT.
MRI scans of a large FOV MRI geometric distortion phantom were acquired on 11 MRI scanners that are used clinically for RT in the UK. The mean and maximum distortions and variance between scanners were reported at different distances from the isocentre.
For a small FOV representing a brain (100-150mm from isocentre) all distortions were<2mm except for the maximum distortion of one scanner. For a large FOV representing a head and neck/pelvis (200-250mm from isocentre) mean distortions were<2mm except for one scanner, maximum distortions were>10mm in some cases. The variance between scanners was low and was found to increase with distance from isocentre.