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To examine pre-existing anxiety disorders as a risk factor for increased concussion symptomology and prolonged recovery in children and adolescents.

In this retrospective cohort study, we abstracted medical record data for 637 children/adolescents (5-17 years) presenting to three tertiary concussion clinics between April 2018 and March 2019. Primary outcomes were mean concussion symptom and vision symptom severity scores measured at clinic visits. Linear mixed-effects regression models were employed to investigate differences in average symptom load, vision symptom score and symptom recovery trajectories across anxiety strata, adjusted for random effects (time), age and sex. Secondary outcomes, time to concussion symptom recovery and time to return to academics and sports, respectively, were examined via log-rank tests and multivariable Cox regression.

Among 637 eligible concussion patients, 155 (24%) reported pre-existing anxiety. On average, patients with anxiety reported an additional 2.64 (95% CI 1.ferenced by providers to manage patients' recovery expectations.

To assess associations between preserved spinal cord tissue quantified by the width of ventral and dorsal tissue bridges and neuropathic pain development after spinal cord injury.

This retrospective longitudinal study includes 44 patients (35 men; mean (SD) age, 50.05 (18.88) years) with subacute (ie, 1 month) spinal cord injury (25 patients with neuropathic pain, 19 pain-free patients) and neuroimaging data who had a follow-up clinical assessment at 12 months. Widths of tissue bridges were calculated from midsagittal T2-weighted images and compared across groups. Regression analyses were used to identify relationships between these neuroimaging measures and previously assessed pain intensity and pin-prick score.

Pin-prick score of the 25 patients with neuropathic pain increased from 1 to 12 months (Δmean=10.08, 95% CI 2.66 to 17.50, p=0.010), while it stayed similar in pain-free patients (Δmean=2.74, 95% CI -7.36 to 12.84, p=0.576). They also had larger ventral tissue bridges (Δmedian=0.80, 95% CI 0.20ue bridges could serve as neuroimaging biomarkers of neuropathic pain and might be used for prediction and monitoring of pain outcomes and stratification of patients in interventional trials.

The combined spatiotemporal dynamics underlying sign language production remain largely unknown. To investigate these dynamics compared to speech production, we used intracranial electrocorticography during a battery of language tasks.

We report a unique case of direct cortical surface recordings obtained from a neurosurgical patient with intact hearing who is bilingual in English and American Sign Language. We designed a battery of cognitive tasks to capture multiple modalities of language processing and production.

We identified 2 spatially distinct cortical networks ventral for speech and dorsal for sign production. Sign production recruited perirolandic, parietal, and posterior temporal regions, while speech production recruited frontal, perisylvian, and perirolandic regions. Electrical cortical stimulation confirmed this spatial segregation, identifying mouth areas for speech production and limb areas for sign production. The temporal dynamics revealed superior parietal cortex activity immediately before sign production, suggesting its role in planning and producing sign language.

Our findings reveal a distinct network for sign language and detail the temporal propagation supporting sign production.

Our findings reveal a distinct network for sign language and detail the temporal propagation supporting sign production.

To explore the risk factors for idiopathic REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD) in a community population in Beijing.

Participants aged 55 years and above were recruited from the Beijing Longitudinal Study on Aging II cohort. We identified individuals with possible RBD (pRBD) using the validated RBD Questionnaire-Hong Kong in 2010. A series of environmental, lifestyle, and other potential risk factors were assessed via standardized questionnaires in 2009. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to investigate the association between the studied factors and pRBD.

Of 7,225 participants who were free of parkinsonism and dementia, 219 (3.0%) individuals were considered as having pRBD. Participants with pRBD reported more nonmotor and motor symptoms of Parkinson disease (PD) with adjusted odds ratios (ORs) ranging from 1.10 to 4.40. Participants with pRBD were more likely to report a family history of parkinsonism or dementia (OR 3.03, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.23-7.46). find more There was a signif

To evaluate sex differences in CSF biomarkers, taking the potential modifying role of clinical disease stage and

ε4 genotype into account.

We included participants (n = 1,801) with probable Alzheimer disease (AD) dementia (n = 937), mild cognitive impairment (MCI; n = 437), and subjective cognitive decline (SCD; n = 427). Main outcomes were CSF β-amyloid

(Aβ

), total tau (t-Tau), and tau phosphorylated at threonine 181 (p-Tau) levels. Age-corrected 3-way interactions between sex, disease stage (i.e., syndrome diagnosis at baseline), and

ε4 were tested with linear regression analyses for each outcome measure. In case of significant interactions (

< 0.05), sex differences were further evaluated by stratifying analyses for clinical disease stage and

ε4 genotype, including age as a covariate.

Three-way interactions were significant for t-Tau (

< 0.001) and p-Tau (

< 0.01) but not Aβ

. In

ε4 carriers, women showed higher p-Tau concentrations than men in SCD (Cohen d [95% confidgs suggest that the effect of APOE ε4 on sex differences in CSF biomarkers depends on disease stage in AD.

To compare the diagnostic accuracy of ice pack test (IPT) and single-fiber EMG (SF-EMG) in patients with suspected ocular myasthenia (OM) presenting with ptosis.

We studied consecutive patients referred for the clinical suspicion of OM. Patients underwent IPT and stimulated SF-EMG on the orbicularis oculi muscle. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was performed to determine the accuracy of IPT, SF-EMG, and their combination.

We included 155 patients, 102 with OM and 53 with other diagnosis (OD). The IPT had a sensitivity of 86% (95% confidence interval [CI] 79-93) and a specificity of 79% (95% CI 68-90). SF-EMG showed a sensitivity of 94% (95% CI 89-98) and a specificity of 79% (95% CI 68-90). Overall, IPT and SF-EMG showed discordant results in 30 cases, 16 OM and 14 OD. The combination of IPT and SF-EMG, using the positivity of at least one test for OM diagnosis, increased the sensitivity to 98% (95% CI 95-100), reducing the specificity to 66% (95% CI 53-78), whereas using the positivity of both tests, we obtained a sensitivity of 82% (95% CI 75-90) and a specificity of 92% (95% CI 85-99).