Jensbyskafte6609
A POD derived from the LLNA EC3 of 3.6% was determined leading to a favourable NGRA conclusion and a maximum use concentration of 0.36%. This was supported by a traditional risk assessment based on the available animal data for resorcinol.A prenatal developmental toxicological study was conducted to evaluate the safety of an alkaloid-free Ageratum conyzoides extract powder administration on pregnant female Wistar rats and on the development of the conceptus in accordance with OECD test guideline (no. PGE2 solubility dmso 414). Pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) naturally present in A. conyzoides have been shown to induce toxicity in past studies, particularly towards hepatic cells. Therefore our test item preparation of A.conyzoides extract (aerial part of the plant) consisted of the removal of PAs. There were no treatment related adverse effects found during maternal examinations (body weights, food consumption, numbers of pregnant and non-pregnant female rats, endocrine evaluation, gravid uterine weights, and number of corpora lutea), maternal/fetal examinations (numbers of implantation sites, pre-and post-implantation loss (%), dead and live fetuses (%), resorption sites), or fetal examinations (litter size and weights, number of fetuses, sex ratio, or external, visceral, and skeletal variations and malformations) in the Ageratum conyzoides extract powder groups at doses of 500, 1000 and 2000 mg/kw bw/day compared to vehicle control group. The no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) determined for both maternal and developmental toxicity was 2000 mg/kg bw/day, which was the highest dose tested.MicroRNAs (i.e. miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that play essential modulation roles in embryonic development in vertebrates. Paternal and maternal miRNAs contribute to the development of post-fertilization embryo and zygotic genome activation. The pattern of expression and their roles in embryonic development of medaka are not clearly understood. The present study, therefore, examined a temporal expression of seven miRNAs, ola-let-7a, ola-miR-202-3p, ola-miR-126-3p, ola-miR-122, ola-miR-92a, ola-miR-125a-3p and ola-miR-430a in sperm, oocytes, and embryos during early developmental stages. Three unique expression patterns of miRNAs were observed. ola-let7a, ola-miR-202-3p and ola-miR-126-3p showed both paternal and maternal expression, and ola-miR-122, ola-miR-92a, ola-miR-125a-3p showed maternal expression only. The expression of six out of seven miRNAs significantly decreased after maternal-zygotic transition (MZT), whereas ola-miR-430a expression initiated only after MZT. The temporal dynamic expression of these miRNAs suggests their potential roles in early embryogenesis and genome-zygotic activation in medaka.
Characteristics of the transformation of primary to secondary calciprotein particles (CPPs) in serum, including the size of secondary CPP (CPP2) aggregates and the time of transformation (T
), may be markers for arterial calcification in patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD). We examined the associations of CPP2 aggregate size and T
with arterial calcification in incident HD patients.
Prospective cohort study.
Incident HD patients (n=402with available CPP2 measures and n=388with available T
measures) from the Predictors of Arrhythmic and Cardiovascular Risk in End-Stage Renal Disease (PACE) Study PREDICTORS Serum CPP2 size and T
at baseline.
Primary outcomes were baseline coronary artery and thoracic aorta calcifications. Exploratory outcomes included baseline arterial stiffness, measured by pulse wave velocity (PWV) and ankle brachial index, and longitudinally, repeat measures of PWV and all-cause mortality.
Tobit regression, multiple linear regression, Poisson regression, linear mixed-effecon and stiffness. Larger CPP2 was associated with risk for mortality, but this finding needs to be confirmed in future studies.
In incident HD patients, neither CPP2 size nor T50 was associated with prevalent arterial calcification and stiffness. Larger CPP2 was associated with risk for mortality, but this finding needs to be confirmed in future studies.
Approximately 11% of people with kidney failure worldwide are treated with peritoneal dialysis (PD). This study examined PD use and practice patterns across the globe.
A cross-sectional survey.
Stakeholders including clinicians, policy makers, and patient representatives in 182 countries convened by the International Society of Nephrology between July and September2018.
PD use, availability, accessibility, affordability, delivery, and reporting of quality outcome measures.
Descriptive statistics.
Responses were received from 88% (n=160) of countries and there were 313 participants (257 nephrologists [82%], 22 non-nephrologist physicians [7%], 6 other health professionals [2%], 17 administrators/policy makers/civil servants [5%], and 11 others [4%]). 85% (n=156) of countries responded to questions about PD. Median PD use was 38.1 per million population. PD was not available in 30 of the 156 (19%) countries responding to PD-related questions, particularly in countries in Africa (20/41) and low-incomintraregional disparities exist in PD availability, accessibility, affordability, delivery, and reporting of quality outcome measures around the world, with the greatest gaps observed in Africa and South Asia.
Hemodialysis (HD) is the most common form of kidney replacement therapy. This study aimed to examine the use, availability, accessibility, affordability, and quality of HD care worldwide.
A cross-sectional survey.
Stakeholders (clinicians, policy makers, and consumer representatives) in 182 countries were convened by the International Society of Nephrology from July to September2018.
Use, availability, accessibility, affordability, and quality of HD care.
Descriptive statistics.
Overall, representatives from 160 (88%) countries participated. Median country-specific use of maintenance HD was 298.4 (IQR, 80.5-599.4) per million population (pmp). Global median HD use among incident patients with kidney failure was 98.0 (IQR, 81.5-140.8) pmp and median number of HD centers was 4.5 (IQR, 1.2-9.9) pmp. Adequate HD services (3-4 hours 3 times weekly) were generally available in 27% of low-income countries. Home HD was generally available in 36% of high-income countries. 32% of countries performed monitoring of patient-reported outcomes; 61%,monitoring of small-solute clearance; 60%,monitoring of bone mineral markers; 51%,monitoring of technique survival; and 60%, monitoring of patient survival.