Mayozacho1706

Mycorrhizal fungi provide plants with a range of benefits, including mineral nutrients and protection from stress and pathogens. Here we synthesize current information about how the presence and type of mycorrhizal association affect plant communities. We argue that mycorrhizal fungi regulate seedling establishment and species coexistence through stabilizing and equalizing mechanisms such as soil nutrient partitioning, feedback to soil antagonists, differential mycorrhizal benefits, and nutrient trade. Mycorrhizal fungi have strong effects on plant population and community biology, with mycorrhizal type-specific effects on seed dispersal, seedling establishment, and soil niche differentiation, as well as interspecific and intraspecific competition and hence plant diversity. Copyright © 2020 The Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of Science. No claim to original U.S. Government Works.High constitutive activity of the DNA damage response protein Checkpoint kinase 1 (CHK1) has been shown in glioblastoma (GBM) cell lines and in tissue sections. However, whether constitutive activation and overexpression of CHK1 in GBM plays a functional role in tumorigenesis or has prognostic significance is not known. We interrogated multiple glioma patient cohorts for expression levels of CHK1 and the oncogene cancerous inhibitor of protein phosphatase 2A (CIP2A), a known target of high CHK1 activity, and examined the relationship between these two proteins in GBM. Expression levels of CHK1 and CIP2A were independent predictors for reduced overall survival across multiple glioma patient cohorts. Using siRNA and pharmacological inhibitors we evaluated the impact of their depletion using both in vitro and in vivo models and sought a mechanistic explanation for high CIP2A in the presence of high CHK1 levels in GBM and show that; (i) CHK1 and pSTAT3 positively regulate CIP2A gene expression; (ii) pSTAT3 and CIP2A form a recursively wired transcriptional circuit; and (iii) perturbing CIP2A expression induces GBM cell senescence and retards tumour growth in vitro and in vivo. Taken together, we have identified an oncogenic transcriptional circuit in GBM that can be destabilized by targeting CIP2A. Implications High expression of CIP2A in gliomas is maintained by a CHK1 dependent pSTAT3-CIP2A recursive loop; interrupting CIP2A induces cell senescence and slows GBM growth adding impetus to the development of CIP2A as an anticancer drug target. Copyright ©2020, American Association for Cancer Research.OBJECTIVE This study aimed to describe how parents and physicians experienced the informed consent interview and to investigate the aspects of the relationship that influenced parents' decision during the consent process for a randomised clinical trial in a tertiary neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). The secondary objective was to describe the perspectives of parents and physicians in the specific situation of prenatal informed consent. SETTING Single centre study in NICU of the Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal de Créteil, France, using a convenience period from February to May 2016. DESIGN Ancillary study to a randomised clinical trial Prettineo. Records of interviews for consent. POPULATION parents and physicians. Mixed study including qualitative and quantitative interview data about participants' recall and feelings about the consent process. Interviews were reviewed using thematic discourse analysis. RESULTS Parents' recall and understanding of the study's main goal and design was good. Parents and physicians had a positive experience, and trust was one of the main reasons for parents to consent. Misunderstanding (bad comprehension) was the main reason for refusal.Before birth, three situations can compromise parents' consent the mother already consented to participate in other studies, the absence of the father during the interview and the feeling that the baby's birth is not an imminent possibility. check details CONCLUSIONS Confronting parents and physicians' perspectives in research can help us reach answers to sensitive issues such as content and timing of information. Each different types of study raises different ethical dilemmas for consent that might be discussed in a more individual way. © Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2020. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Mastectomy has many potential sources of pain. Rhomboid intercostal block (RIB) is a recently described plane block. The primary hypothesis of the study is that ultrasound-guided RIB combined with general anesthesia would accelerate global quality of recovery scores of patients following mastectomy surgery. Secondary hypothesis is that RIB would reduce postoperative opioid consumption, pain scores, and the need for rescue analgesia. METHODS Patients aged between 18 and 70 years, with American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I-II and scheduled for an elective unilateral modified radical mastectomy surgery with axillary lymph node dissection were enrolled to the study. Following endotracheal intubation, patients were randomly allocated into two groups. Patients in the first group (group R) received ultrasound-guided RIB with 30 mL 0.25% bupivacaine. In the control group (group C), no block intervention was applied. All patients received intravenous dexamethasone 8 mg, dexk-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.OBJECTIVE To examine whether early follow-up with primary care or neurology is associated with lower all-cause readmissions within 30 and 90 days after acute ischemic stroke admission. METHODS We performed a retrospective cohort study of patients who were discharged home after acute ischemic stroke, identified by ICD-9 and ICD-10 codes, using PharMetrics, a nationally representative claims database of insured Americans from 2009 to 2015. The primary predictor was outpatient primary care or neurology follow-up within 30 and 90 days of discharge, and the primary outcome was all-cause 30- and 90-day readmissions. Multivariable Cox models were used with primary care and neurology visits specified as time-dependent covariates, with adjustment for patient demographics, comorbid conditions, and stroke severity measures. RESULTS The cohort included 14,630 patients. Readmissions within 30 days occurred in 7.3% of patients, and readmissions within 90 days occurred in 13.7% of patients. By 30 days, 59.3% had a primary care visit, and 24.