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and appropriate practices towards COVID-19 during the first period of outbreak.
Our study suggests that residents of Bosnia and Herzegovina have had good knowledge, a relatively optimistic attitudes and appropriate practices towards COVID-19 during the first period of outbreak.
The outbreak of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) have changed into a global crisis. Psychologically, this process of alteration can lead to feelings of fear, insecurity, and anxiety. This fear and anxiety can be caused by a variety of factors. However, due to the lack of extensive studies at this time, there are little data on these conditions related to COVID-19. Therefore, in this narrative review, we have tried to identify the most important possible causes of anxiety and fear due to this disease, based on logical shreds of evidence. Then we tried to discuss the consequences and ways to manage and prevent them.
The current focus was on three major axes of corona-phobia, fear and anxiety. PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, Google Scholar and authoritative news and information sources were considered as the data sources.
Findings from the analysis of the results revealed that, in addition to the real and the logical reasons which belong to the intrinsic properties of SARS-CoV-2, some misleadings and misconceptions induced by media, governmental policies, public awareness level, and non-scientific speculations and contradictory data expressed by experts, researchers and scientific societies, could provide the way for the development of corona-phobia, and fear.
Each of these causal components, in its place, leads to some degrees of psychological disorders and subsequent consequences and complications. Finally, here we reviewed, summarized the previous research findings on how to prevent and manage this type of psychological disorder, and made comparisons.
Each of these causal components, in its place, leads to some degrees of psychological disorders and subsequent consequences and complications. Finally, here we reviewed, summarized the previous research findings on how to prevent and manage this type of psychological disorder, and made comparisons.
Experimental approach.
Early-life diet plays a crucial role in the development of body weight issues. We therefore investigated the effectiveness of a peer-education intervention, aiming at encouraging the intake of fruits and vegetables and of a healthy mid-morning snack, targeting the mothers of 3-8 years old children attending kindergarten and primary school.
The study involved 924 children (intervention group) and 450 children (control group). The intervention was carried out by organizing three meetings at school with the participation of healthcare professionals, mothers and teachers in a maieutic way. The meetings focused on i) discussing the issues that mothers face with their children's nutrition; ii) possible solutions; iii) identification of "leading mothers" playing as peer-educators. As control a similar intervention targeting only the teachers, without involving the mothers, was also carried out. The effectiveness of such interventions was evaluated by external evaluators, before, the interventions and 3 and 9 months after the interventions.
The check, carried out 3 months after the intervention, showed a significant improvement with respect to the mid-morning snack, and the consumption of the main dishes as well as fruits; the check carried out 9 months after the intervention, showed that such improvements were maintained in the case of the midmorning snack and the fruit intake. No improvement was observed in relation to the control group.
This is the first example of an intervention promoting a healthy diet involving mothers of children attending kindergarten and primary school as peer educators and it actually improved the dietary habits.
This is the first example of an intervention promoting a healthy diet involving mothers of children attending kindergarten and primary school as peer educators and it actually improved the dietary habits.
Important information was obtained, regarding also exposures to chemicals and their management in pediatric populations. The surveillance network was proved effective not only under "normal" conditions but also to promptly monitor changes during exceptional health emergencies, such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Bafilomycin A1 research buy During the 2020 lockdown the surveillance system registered a significant increase in the frequency of exposures to disinfectants (p-value=0.002), an evidence that highlighted the need of tailored intervention.
This Italian Project model proves to be reliable and suitable to be transferred to other European countries, in order to realize an European Poison Centers' Network, able to overcome unsolved health problems and to globally improve the "evidence-based" prevention of exposures to chemicals.
The Public Health Surveillance Systems are essential to improve and protect public health, as highlighted by the World Health Organization. According with this consideration, a systematic collaboration betweization of the data collection flow, including the product categorization according to the European Product Categorization System. Data analysis was carried out by Microsoft's IBM SPSS Statistics version 26, Access and Excel.Alkyl-substituted l/d-glutamide derivatives (L/D-SG) were designed as gelators to fabricate host gel matrices. Pyrene-appended l/d-glutamide derivatives (Py-LG/Py-DG) were employed as guest luminophores to investigate chiral packing and emission behavior in gel matrices. It was found that Py-LG and Py-DG are prone to form P- and M-chirally packed assemblies in DMSO gels, respectively. However, the chiral packing was inversed, and CPL was boosted after Py-LG/Py-DG was embedded in the L/D-SG gel matrix. M-chiral packing together with left-handed excimer emission ((-)-CPL) was observed in the Py-LG immobilized L-SG gel matrix, while P-chiral packing together with right-handed excimer emission ((+)-CPL) was found in the Py-DG immobilized L-SG gel matrix. It is more interesting to find that the molecular chirality of the matrix gelator did not affect the supramolecular chirality of pyrene assemblies. Either l or a d-matrix gelator can inverse the supramolecular chirality of the pure gel, but did not follow the chirality of the matrix.