Thaysenmaddox2684

Glutathione S-transferase (GST) participates in the biotransformation of many xenobiotics including biocides. Its activity in plants is generally associated with their phytoremediation capabilities. Biocides have been used in agriculture and antifouling paints and they represent risks for the aquatic environment. The present study aimed to (1) evaluate the basal GST activity in roots, stems, and leaves from thirteen plants (eleven aquatic macrophytes and two halophytes) collected at South Brazil wetlands; (2) estimate the biotransformation potential of Nothoscordum gracile for five biocides using competitive kinetic assays with 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB), a typical GST substrate. The N. gracile, Spartina alterniflora and Cakile maritima presented the highest GST activities among the tested plants. The Lineweaver-Burk plot obtained from the GST competitive kinetic assays confirmed that the biocides chlorothalonil, 4,5-dichloro-N-octyl-3(2H)-isothiazolone (DCOIT), dichlofluanid, and diuron, but not irgarol, compete with the substrate CDNB for GST. Chlorothalonil and DCOIT showed the lowest IC20 values (11.1 and 10.6 μM, respectively), followed by dichlofluanid (38.6 μM) and diuron (353.1 μM). The inhibition of GST-CDNB activity by 100 nM biocide was higher for chlorothalonil, DCOIT, and dichlofluanid (46.5, 49.0, and 45.1%, respectively) than for diuron (6.5%) and irgarol (2.2%). The present study indicates plant species that have significant GST activity and could be potentially used for phytoremediation. The competitive kinetic tests suggest that among the five biocides that were tested, chlorothalonil, DCOIT, and dichlofluanid are probably preferred for biotransformation via GST in plant.Small trials have demonstrated promising results utilising intravenous milrinone for the treatment of delayed cerebral ischaemia (DCI) after subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH). check details Here we summarise and contextualise the literature and discuss the future directions of intravenous milrinone for DCI. A systematic, pooled analysis of literature was performed in accordance with the PRISMA statement. Methodological rigour was analysed using the MINORS criteria. Extracted data included patient population; treatment protocol; and clinical, radiological, and functional outcome. The primary outcome was clinical resolution of DCI. Eight hundred eighteen patients from 10 single-centre, observational studies were identified. Half (n = 5) of the studies were prospective and all were at high risk of bias. Mean age was 52 years, and females (69%) outnumbered males. There was a similar proportion of low-grade (WFNS 1-2) (49.7%) and high-grade (WFNS 3-5) (50.3%) SAH. Intravenous milrinone was administered to 523/818 (63.9%) participants. Clinical resolution of DCI was achieved in 375/424 (88%), with similar rates demonstrated with intravenous (291/330, 88%) and combined intra-arterial-intravenous (84/94, 89%) therapy. Angiographic response was seen in 165/234 (71%) receiving intravenous milrinone. Hypotension (70/303, 23%) and hypokalaemia (31/287, 11%) were common drug effects. Four cases (0.5%) of drug intolerance occurred. Good functional outcome was achieved in 271/364 (74%) patients. Cerebral infarction attributable to DCI occurred in 47/250 (19%), with lower rates in asymptomatic spasm. Intravenous milrinone is a safe and feasible therapy for DCI. A signal for efficacy is demonstrated in small, low-quality trials. Future research should endeavour to establish the optimal protocol and dose, prior to a phase-3 study.Lamellodiscus chin n. sp. (Monogenea Diplectanidae) was described from Acanthopagrus sivicolus Akazaki (Perciformes Sparidae) in Okinawa-jima Island, Ryukyu Islands based on morphological and molecular data. This new species resembles L. spari and L. elegans in morphologically but differs by its accessory piece curving and widening toward the tip. Three species of Lamellodiscus (L. japonicus Ogawa & Egusa, 1978, L. takitai Ogawa & Egusa, 1978, and L. spari Zhukov, 1970) were recorded from A. schlegelii (Bleeker), and L. japonicus was collected from A. latus (Houttuyn) in the Seto Inland Sea, Japan. I herein propose Lamellodiscus egusai nom. nov. for L. japonicus which is a junior primary homonym of L. japonicus Pillai & Pillai, 1974. Based on the type specimens and newly collected specimens from wild hosts, the type localities of L. japonicus (= L. egusai nom. nov.) and L. takitai are discussed. In addition, a list of nominal species of Japanese diplectanids is provided.Female carriers are more common than males with hemophilia and unrecognized factor VIII or IX deficiency is associated with intrauterine growth retardation, epidural hematomas, blood transfusion, and peripartum hemorrhage. A review was conducted to assess the evidence for professional society recommendations for > 50% factor levels during labor. Two searches of Pubmed, CINAHL, Cochrane, and Google Scholar were completed in October 2019. The first for case reports and series described neuraxial techniques in patients with hemophilia-regardless of sex, age, or pregnant status. The second for case reports and series described bleeding outcomes of parturients with hemophilia. Primary outcomes were diagnosis of neuraxial hematoma (first search) and postpartum bleeding complications (second search). Thirteen articles (n = 134) described neuraxial techniques in patients with hemophilia. Neuraxial hematoma with paraplegia occurred in 3/134 patients-all had a factor level of 1%. Nineteen articles (2712 deliveries in 2657 women) described bleeding outcomes. Postpartum hemorrhage occurred in 7.1% (193/2712) of deliveries, of which 60% necessitated blood transfusion. Postpartum bleeding complications were twice as likely (51.0% [25/49] vs. 25.6% [52/203], P  less then  0.001) with factor activity  less then  50%. Therefore, factor levels should be assessed and increased above 50% prior to neuraxial technique and delivery.Trial registration PROSPERO 2018 CRD42018110215.

Ionized magnesium (iMg) is considered to be the biologically active fraction of circulating total serum Mg (tMg). However, only the relationship between tMg and postoperative shivering has been studied. To our knowledge, hitherto no clinical studies have investigated the association between serum ionized magnesium concentration ([iMg]) and postoperative shivering. Therefore, we aimed to retrospectively examine this association, focusing on hypomagnesemia and depletion of [iMg].

This retrospective study involved 421 patients who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomyunder general anesthesia at our center from December 2012 to September 2019. Logistic regression analysis was performed to estimate the odds ratio (OR) for the incidence of postoperative shivering.

Postoperative shivering developed in 111 out of 421 patients. The post-surgical concentration of [iMg] was significantly associated with postoperative shivering in the non-adjusted model, but not in the multivariable-adjusted model. In multivariable-adjusted analysis, progressive decrease of [iMg] by 0.