Vasquezabildgaard2285

Jointly, these findings help inform current theories of the effects of arousal on information processing in younger and older adults.Given that lipase is an enzyme applicable in various industrial fields and water-miscible organic solvents are important reaction media for developing industrial-scale biocatalysis, a structure-based strategy was explored to stabilize lipase A from Bacillus subtilis in a water-ethanol cosolvent. Site-directed mutagenesis of ethanol-interacting sites resulted in 4 mutants, i.e., Ser16Gly, Ala38Gly, Ala38Thr, and Leu108Asn, which were stable in 50% ethanol and had up to 1.8-fold higher stability than the wild-type. In addition, Leu108Asn was more thermostable at 45 °C than the wild type. The results discussed in this study not only provide insights into strategies for enzyme engineering to improve organic solvent resistance but also suggest perspectives on pioneering routes for constructing enzyme-based biorefineries to produce value-added fuels and chemicals.Unspecific microorganisms consortia are normally used in anaerobic biodegradation of solid wastes. However, these consortia can be tuned to optimally obtain determined bioproducts. In this study, high value-added products and biogas were obtained via an innovative two-stage anaerobic bioprocess from microalgae biomass. The anaerobic fermentation (AF) entailed the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and subsequently, only the solid spent of AF effluent was valorized for methane production via conventional anaerobic digestion (AD). Applied conditions in AF (25 °C, HRT 8 days) favored Firmicutes predominance (64%) enabling a conversion efficiency of 32.1% g SCFAs-COD/g CODin. Opposite, a wider microbial biodiversity was determined in the AD reactor (35 °C, HRT 20 days), being mainly composed by Firmicutes (28.6%), Euryarchaeota (17.7%) and Proteobacteria (15.3%). AD of the AF-solid spent reached 168.9 mL CH4 /g CODin. Strikingly, operational conditions imposed mediated a microbial specialization that maximized product output.Excessive post-washing of pretreated biomass leads to huge water consumption and chemical loss. To address this issue, parallel HOAc and NaOH pretreatments of biomass followed by integration of their biomass and filtrate were investigated. Pretreatment effectiveness including morphology, crystallinity, and component recovery, were elucidated. Results showed that HOAc and NaOH in the mixed filtrate were neutralized to achieve a pH of around 4.80 prompting the alkali lignin precipitation. Lignin (46.01 and 48.38 g/kg-biomass for hemp and poplar, respectively) exhibiting comparable FTIR characteristics with the commercial alkali lignin was recovered. Compared to sodium acetate buffer as a control, integrating HOAc and NaOH pretreated biomass and their mixed filtrate for enzymatic hydrolysis boosted total sugar concentration (hemp 42.90 vs. AMG-193 manufacturer 38.27 g/L; poplar 43.18 vs. 38.76 g/L) without compromising glucose yield (hemp 70.86 vs. 70.69%; poplar 66.48 vs. 69.48%) but improving xylose yield (hemp 60.10 vs. 35.92%; poplar 56.90 vs. 29.39%).

Creating neighbourhood places for older adults to be socially and physically active is a global health priority. Safety is integral to older adult mobility. In greenway research, perceived safety is often only partially or superficially explored. Our study comprehensively examines older adults' experiences and perceived safety for walking on a new urban greenway in Vancouver, Canada-the Arbutus Greenway.

We integrated mixed methods i) observational count data to describe the use and context of the greenway over 3 years (2017; 2018; 2019), and; ii) semi-structured interviews with older adults at two time points (2017, n=27; 2019, n=16).

and discussion We conducted thematic analysis to illuminate older adults' experiences across three safety domains personal safety, traffic safety, and security. Built environment features such as benches, paving, road markings, and natural foliage buffers intersected with elements of the social environment to influence older adults' perceived safety. While the greenway suived safety, and identify practical solutions to encourage mobility for all ages and abilities.Nitrate has a wide temperature range, wide operating temperature, low vapor pressure, low cost, strong heat transfer and stable chemical properties. It is widely used in solar thermal power generation heat storage material. In this paper, the alkali salt NaNO3 was modified by solution combustion method with citric acid as fuel. The structure and thermal properties of the prepared salts were studied by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The results show that the solution combustion process improves the structure and thermal properties of NaNO3, and the resulting product has a new phase. The particle size and microscopic morphology of the prepared salt were changed. As the proportion of fuel increases, the hollow cuboid structure gradually grows on the surface and inside of the modified salt. The microstructure obtained is different at different ignition temperatures, and a finer and even rod-like structure is obtained at an ignition temperature of 600 °C. The specific heat capacity of all modified samples has been improved, among which solid specific heat and liquid specific heat have increased the most, respectively 3.10 J/g·K and 3.19 J/g·K, which are 140.31% and 131.16% higher than the base salt, respectively. This work not only studies the specific heat capacity of NaNO3 modified by solution combustion, but also explores the effect of micromorphology and new phase formation on its performance, which provides innovative ideas for improving the specific heat capacity of molten salt heat storage materials.Toxicokinetic models are useful tools to better understand the fate of contaminants in the human body and to establish biological guidance values to interpret biomonitoring data in human populations. This research aimed to develop a biologically-based toxicokinetic model for four rare earth elements (REEs), cerium (Ce), praseodymium (Pr), neodymium (Nd) and yttrium (Y), and to establish biomonitoring equivalents (BE) serving as biological guidance values. The model was constructed using physiological data taken from the literature as well as new experimental kinetic data. These new data indicated that REEs readily disappeared from blood and accumulated mostly in the liver; excretion occurred mainly through feces although a small fraction was eliminated in urine. To properly reproduce the observed kinetics, the model was represented as 19 compartments, which include main tissues and their components (such as retention by macrophages) supplied by blood, as well as routes of excretion. The transfer coefficients between compartments were determined numerically by adjustments to experimental data.