Troelsenvaughan0265

ility and validity, and exhibits measurement equivalence across the genders. Therefore, it could be used to comprehensively assess the severity of drug dependence in people with substance use disorders.BACKGROUND Idiopathic inflammatory myopathy (IIM) manifest as systematic muscle involvement. Multiparametric cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) could be a useful technique to detect systemic involvement and disease progression in IIM patients. This study aimed to describe the tissue characteristics and dynamic changes in myocardial and skeletal muscles after treatment in IIM patients. METHODS Forty-four consecutively recruited IIM patients (49.0 ± 12.0 years; 22 males) underwent 3 T CMR at first diagnosis, and 28 patients underwent follow-up scan after receiving standard treatment for more than 1 year. Thirty age- and sex-matched healthy subjects served as controls. The CMR protocol included cines, T2-weighted (T2w), late gadolinium enhancement (LGE), T1 and T2 mapping, and extracellular volume (ECV) evaluated for the myocardium, and T1 and T2 mapping and ECV evaluated for skeletal muscles. Correlations between laboratory biomarkers and myocardial and skeletal tissue characteristics were analyzed. Compars show distinct characteristics on multiparametric CMR. In addition, significant changes were observed in patients showing clinical remission after effective treatment, which suggests that quantitative T1, T2, and ECV techniques may have potential clinical value in IIM patients.BACKGROUND Although the prevalence of child stunting is falling in Latin America, socioeconomic inequalities persist. However, there is limited evidence on ethnic disparities. We aimed to describe ethnic inequalities of stunting and feeding practices in thirteen Latin American countries using recent nationally representative surveys. METHODS We analyzed national surveys carried out since 2006. Based on self-reported ethnicity, skin color or language, children were classified into three categories indigenous/ afrodescendant/reference group (European or mixed ancestry). Stunting was defined as height (length)-for-age  less then  - 2 standard deviations relative to WHO standards. Family wealth was assessed through household asset indices. We compared mean length/height-for-age and prevalence of stunting among the three ethnic groups. RESULTS Thirteen surveys had information on indigenous and seven on afrodescendants. In all countries, the average length/height-for-age was significantly lower for indigenous, and in eleven countries there were significant differences in the prevalence of stunting the pooled crude stunting prevalence ratio between indigenous and the reference group was 1.97 (95% CI 1.89; 2.05); after adjustment for wealth and place of residence, prevalence remained higher among indigenous (PR = 1.34, 95% CI 1.28; 1.39) in eight countries. Indigenous aged 6-23 months were more likely to be breastfed, but with poor complementary feeding, particularly in terms of dietary diversity. Afrodescendants showed few differences in height, and in two countries tended to be taller compared to the reference group. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/nms-873.html CONCLUSIONS In all Latin American countries studied, indigenous tended to be shorter and afrodescendants presented few differences with relation to the reference group. In order to reach the SDG's challenge of leaving no one behind, indigenous need to be prioritized.BACKGROUND The learning environment impacts many aspects of healthcare education, including student outcomes. Rather than being a single and fixed phenomenon, it is made up of multiple micro learning environments. The standard clinical learning environment measurement tools do not consider such diversity and may fail to adequately capture micro learning environments. Moreover, the existing tools are often long and may take a prohibitive amount of time to complete properly. This may have a negative impact on their usefulness in educational improvement strategies. In addition, there is no universal tool available which could be utilised across several healthcare student groups and placement settings. AIM To create an evidence-based measurement tool for assessing clinical micro learning environments across several healthcare profession student groups. METHODS The measurement tool was developed through a step-wise approach 1) literature review with iterative analysis of existing tools; 2) generation of new items via thematic analysis of student experiences; 3) a Delphi process involving healthcare educators; 4) piloting of the prototype; and 5) item reduction. RESULTS The literature review and experiential data from healthcare students resulted in 115 and 43 items respectively. These items were refined, leaving 75 items for the Delphi process, which produced a prototype with 57 items. This prototype was then completed by 257 students across the range of healthcare professions, with item reduction resulting in a 12-item tool. CONCLUSION This paper describes a mixed methods approach to developing a brief micro learning environment measurement tool. The generated tool can be used for measuring student perceptions of clinical environments across several healthcare professions. Further cross-cultural and cross-professional validation studies are needed to support widespread use, possibly through mobile application.BACKGROUND Police officers have long been known to have one of the most stressful occupations. This study investigates their stress levels, coping styles, and subjective well-being, including affect and life satisfaction. We also explore the interrelationships of these factors to determine how coping style influences a police officer's subjective well-being. METHODS We used a convenience sampling method for 112 police officers in a metropolitan area in South Korea. Data were collected using self-administered questionnaires. The questionnaires consisted of the following scales job stress, coping style, positive/negative affect, and life satisfaction that measured subjective well-being. Descriptive statistics, a correlation analysis and Hayes' PROCESS macro, and bootstrap analysis were performed. RESULTS The level of job stress for the participants was moderate, with an average of 43.57 out of 100. The mean scores of positive affect was 17.38 out of 40, 8.50 out of 40 for negative affect, and 20.76 out of 35 for life satisfaction.